Waterborne Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2601 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Chemistry Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? What are the application differences of a Polyurethane dispersion coating compared to a solvent based polyurethane and what are the advantages upon each other? A polyurethane coating is a versatile product with many advantages upon other coating systems. A major disadvantage of classical, solvent based polyurethane coatings, are the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the wet state. New regulations force formulators to keep the VOC content below 350 g/l. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Waterborne Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order Recent developments dealt with this problem. Developers have succeeded in making a polyurethane dispersion in water, eliminating most of the volatile organic solvents. However, the costs of a so called water borne polyurethane are higher than that of a solvent based polyurethane. A question that may arise is whether or not the dispersed polyurethane performs the same way as the classical, solvent based, polyurethanes and whether or not it is worth the money. Besides possible differences in performance, processing techniques may differ. The goal of this investigation is to give an overview of the differences between the performance, processing and cost between a polyurethane dispersion and solvent based polyurethanes. The major formulations of both types will be summarized and compared to find the best coating. The chemistry of PU A polyurethane (PU) is a polycondensation reaction product of an isocyanate with a monomer. The isocyanate must have at least two functional groups and the monomer at least two alcohol groups. The catalyst for the reaction can be a tertiary amine like dimethylcyclohexylamine or organic metallic materials like dibutyltin dilaturate. The condensation of a cyanate with a hydroxyl end-group results in a urethane linkage. Both the isocyanate and the hydroxyl alcohol (diol) need to be bi-functional to form polyurethane. The reaction mechanism of the formation of PU catalyzed by a tertiary amine is given by: Figure 1: reaction mechanism of the catalyzed condensation reaction of PU by a tertiary amine Many isocyanates can be used but MDI, aliphatics such as H12MDI, HDI, IPDI and TDI are the most widely used among others. MDI consumption exceed 45% of the total amount of isocyanates used, closely followed by aliphatics (35-40%) and TDI (15%). Whilst the reactivity of the isocyanat e determents the rate of the reaction, the main properties of the PU is devised from the diol. As with the choice of an isocyanate, a wide variety of diols can be used. EG, BDO, DEG, glycerin and TMP are all useable. For hard and weatherable coatings acrylic and polyester polyols tend to be preferred. Polyols with a low molecular weight as the main reactant produces polymer chains with more urethane groups hence a harder and stiff polymer is formed. High molecular weight polyols however produces a more flexible polymer. Also a low functionality long-chain polyol produces soft and flexible PU while short-chain polyols with high functionality makes more cross-linked products which are more rigid. Different types of PU formulations PU coatings can be divided into two main groups, namely into 1 and 2 pack systems (1k and 2k). The 1k system basically contains a dissolved, fully reacted PU whilst a 2k system can contain partially reacted PU and unreacted monomers. Both systems can be solvent-based or waterborne. Furthermore there are several curing (or drying) systems known, each resulting in different performing coatings. Two-component or 2k As mentioned briefly 2k systems are reactive and the primary reaction is of isocyanate with polyols. The main disadvantage of a 2k system is the pot-life. When the isocyanate is added the mixture begins to react and hardens. However, the main advantage of a reactive system is the outstanding mechanical performance. Because the PU particles react and crosslink, an endless polymer forms which is hard and chemical resistant. Two-component systems include solvent-based and waterborne formulations. Solvent-based 2kcoatings are obtained by mixing aliphatic isocyanates with polyester polyols or blends of polyester with acrylic grades. Formulations like these cure by partially physical drying and cross-linking with the isocyanate. Solvent-based 2k formulations are mostly used in the automotive and aviation industry as a finish coating. Waterborne 2k coatings are formulated with dispersible isocyanates and water-dispersible polyols such as polyacrylates or emulsifiable polyesters . The most commonly used isocyanate is a HDI trimer but IPDI trimers can also be used. Aromatic isocyanates cannot be used in waterborne formulations because they react dangerously with water. Dispersible isocyanates can be used as such or can, by partial reaction with a dispersible polyol, be emulsified, making it easier to mix. However some waterborne systems still need up to 10% co-solvent to form a homogeneous finish. These formulations cure by partially physical drying and by cross-linking but can also be thermally cured at temperatures ranging from 20 ËÅ ¡C to 80 ËÅ ¡C. Waterborne 2k systems are frequently used as protective coatings in the transportation, machinery and furniture industry. Their high flexibility also makes it possible for use on polymeric and wooden surfaces. One-component or 1k A 1k PU coating consists of partially reacted polymers (prepolymers) which are liquid at room temperature. These prepolymers are synthesized by reacting MDI, HDI or TDI with a polyester or polyester polyols. The main advantage of a one-component system is that no mixing is required and pot life is no issue. 1k systems are storage stable with a shelf life of up to six months. However a disadvantage is that most 1k formulations are not cross-linked making them less hard and vulnerable to solvents. 1k formulations are broadly used as maintenance and repair coatings for their ease in application and mechanical behavior. They are used for painting steel constructions such as bridges and other large steel structures where corrosion protection is needed. Solvent-based 1k coatingsare obtained through reacting aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates (MDI and IPDI) with polyesters or polyether polyols. This reaction forms high molecular weight linear PUs. Commonly used additives are cha in extenders. Curing occurs by evaporation of the solvent but 1k systems can be formulated so they cure by oxidation, with moisture and even by UV-radiation. Waterborne 1k or better known as PUDs are fully reacted polyurethane systems. The PU particles have hydrophilic groups in their backbone and are maximum one tenth of a micrometer in length, dispersed in water. This makes a both chemically and colloidal stable mixture (Figure 2). A PUD can also be formed by incorporating a surfactant. PUDs are currently very popular because they are environmentally friendly, but still being able to perform reasonably. Because PUDs are relatively expensive they are mixed with acrylic grades to lower the material costs. However more acrylic means less hardness. 1k waterborne formulations can cure physical, by oxidation and by UV-radiation. There are formulations at the market containing no solvent. These coatings find their application in the building sector. To obtain solvent-free formulations MDI is reacted with polyether or oil-modified polyester polyols. To obtain higher hardness chain extenders and catalysts are added to the formulation. Drying systems As mentioned above the way a coating cures strongly effects the final performance of the coating. The way a coating dries is dependant of its formulation. A 2k system can cure on air, by heat and under influence of UV. One-component systems can cure physically, with moisture, by oxidation, under influence of UV-radiation and by heat. Physical drying basically means that the solvent containing the PU evaporates, leaving the PU to form a film. A major disadvantage of this way of drying is that there is no cross-linking between the PU particles. This drying mechanism affects some one component systems. UV curing coatings can be formulated as solvent-based or waterborne and both 1k and 2k. In a UV-curing formulation the catalyst is inactive in absence of UV-radiation; this behavior is seen with a photo-initiator. When UV-radiation hits the catalyst it unblocks and becomes active and initiates the curing. A schematic representation of this process is shown in Figure 3. UV-cur ing coatings are predominantly used as automobile finishes as it has unmatchable hardness and gloss. Oxidative drying is a process which is used with a special type of 1k PU coatings. So called oil-modified PUs (OMU) are synthesized through an addition reaction of isocyanate with a hydroxyl bearing, fatty acid modified ester (TDI). To obtain higher densities more isocyanate can be added but this means that more solvent is needed, as much as 550 g/l (not VOC-compliant). Natural oils like linseed oil can be used as the diol and a mineral spirit can be used as the solvent. An OMU can be solvent- or water-based and cures by reacting with air surrounding the coating. The fatty acid groups of the oil (attached to the PU) form cross-links with each other by mean of oxidation. OMUs have better mechanical and weathering properties than unmodified, non-reactive alkyds, but reactive PU coatings are superior. OMUs are predominantly used as wood finishes for their distinctive yellowi ng/aging which some formulators prefer. Moisture curing PU (MCPU) coatings are formulated with NCO-terminated PU prepolymers. The NCO groups react with atmospheric moisture which produces a amine-group. This further reacts with remaining isocyanate to form highly cross-linked urea-networks. MCPU coatings have superior hardness, strength and stiffness. Even though the coating is cross-linked a MCPU has a relatively high flexibility. Because a MCPU cures with moisture this strongly affects the storage stability. Thermal curing formulations are based on deactivated isocyanate mixed with a polyol. This semi-one-component formulation is stable at room temperature but when heated (100-200 ËÅ ¡C) the deactivated isocyanate unblocks and reacts with the polyol, the same way as a reactive 2k coating. The isocyanates (aromatic or aliphatic) all have one active hydrogen. For blocking the isocyanate caprolactam is mostly used. A different way of blocking the isocyanate is creatin g uretidinedione or dimer links. Thermally cured coatings find their main usage on surfaces which need to withstand excessive heating and cooling cycles. An overview of all the PU coatings with their distinctive curing system is shown in Figure 5. Testing the coatings To make a comparison of different types of PU coatings the performance of a coating need to be tested. Because of the broad application possibilities of PU coatings and because of the need of a wide variety of different characteristics, the comparison will be narrowed down to floor coatings. Floor coatings are tested on mar and scuff resistance, taber abrasion, chemical resistance, color and KÃÆ' ¶nig hardness. Because thermal cured coatings are not applicable as flour coatings these formulations will not be used in the comparison. Moisture curedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mar and scuff resistance Mar and scuff resistance or simply put resistance to marking can be measured by several methods. One of them is the pendulum method which consists of a pendulum arm with a hard-wood block attached to the end. The weighted block hits the coated panel four times and the average 20ËÅ ¡ gloss of the coating is measured before and after the test. The results are expressed as percentage 20ËÅ ¡ gloss retained and visual assessment of the panel (scratching and scuffing). Taber abrasion To test taber abrasion can be described as wear resistance. To measure abrasion resistance an arm is weighted with 1000 gram weights and attached to abrasive wheels (mostly consist of minerals). The arm makes 1000 cycles over the substrate. The initial weight of the coated substrate is compared with the weight after the test. The results are expressed in milligrams removed. Chemical resistance Chemical resistance is determined of dry films using eight household stains and chemicals. Test chemicals include MEK, olive oil, several cleaning chemicals, ethanol, white vinegar, water and 7% of ammonia solution. The chemicals are applied on a two-ply square towel on the test film, completely saturating the towel. The towel with the liquid is immediately covered with a watch glass. After a period of two hours the stains are removed and the panel is rinsed and dried. The impact of the chemicals on the coating is investigated immediately after the rinsing. The surface is investigated on discoloration, blistering and softening. Each chemical is rated on a scale of 1 to 10 with 10 being no effect. Color An important property to investigate of coatings is color, especially when evaluating PU coatings, because PUs tend to yellow, especially OMUs. The initial yellowness index of a coating is measured and after a period of lighting. The difference between initial and final yellowness index is also measured as the Delta E. When this value is below 1.0 the color difference is insignificant. The higher the value the more yellow the coating has become in a period of time. KÃÆ' ¶nig hardness KÃÆ' ¶nig hardness is a method used for measuring the hardness of a coating. With this method a pendulum rocks back and forth over the coated substrate. The coating will dampen the rocking motion, slowing the pendulum down. The results with the KÃÆ' ¶nig hardness are expressed in seconds; the longer the pendulum rocks, the harder the coating. Solvent-based vs. waterborne For this comparison different formulations of each type are reviewed. Solvent-based 2k, solvent-based OMU and 2k UV are compared with waterborne OMU, 2k and a PUD/acrylic mixture. Data from sb OMU, PUD/acrylic, wb OMU and wb 2k is obtained from the article Oil-modified urethanes for clear wood finishes: Distinction or extinction by Richard A. Caldwell from Reichhold. Data from sb 2k, 2k UV and 100% PUD formulations are obtained from several commercially available coatings [à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦]. Some values may differ because of the objective opinion of the investigator and the formulation. Some values are projected as expected where data was missing. These projections include chemical resistance of sb 2k, 2k UV and 100% PUD formulations. The taber abrasion resistance at 500 cycles of the wb OMU coating is multiplied by a statistically calculated value, using know data from other formulations, to obtain a value with 1000 cycles. As shown in Graph 1 a 2k UV coating has super ior mechanical properties (KÃÆ' ¶nig hardness and taber abrasion). This is because a 2k UV coating has a high amount of cross-linking. This can be related to the 20ËÅ ¡ gloss of the dried film. High gloss usually means high cross-linkage. The solvent-based 2k formulations perform comparable with 2k UV coatings but are slightly less cross-linked as shown in the gloss and the hardness. The waterborne formulations are all significantly softer but tend to be slightly more mar and scuff resistant. However the initial gloss values of these waterborne coatings are somewhat lower. It can also be found that the 1k OMU formulations perform better than most non-reactive coatings. However they tend to yellow and perform worse than reactive (2k) coatings. This shows that the oxidative cross-linking cannot be compared with the reactive cross-linking of 2k formulations. It is somewhat surprising that 100% PUD performs comparable with a wb 2k formulation. However the chemical resist ance and the scuff resistance are lower showing the benefits of cross-linking. Conclusion If a hard coating with high gloss is wishful UV cured 2k coatings are the best choice. The best mar and scuff resistance is obtained with waterborne formulations but these show less hardness and chemical resistance. Solvent-based systems have an overall better performance than waterborne systems but VOC regulations restrict the amount of solvents used, causing a lower amount of solids possible. This results in less cross-linking hence less hardness and chemical resistance. Even though high VOC content solvent-based coatings perform better, VOC regulations cause a shift to waterborne formulations which are increasingly performing better. During the investigation it became clear that a good comparison between different PU formulations is a nearly impossible task because of the large amount of different possible formulations of each class. Waterborne PU coatings, when properly formulated, can meet the performance of solvent-based coatings, especially when compared with VOC-c ompatible solvent-based coatings but with a higher price. Eventually VOC regulations are further sharpened causing a market shift towards waterborne formulations, making them worth the money.

Jail and Prison Comparison Paper - 1460 Words

Jail and Prisons Comparison Paper Jail is usually the first place a person is taken after being arrested by police officers. The authority of states to build, operate, and fill jails can be found in the Tenth Amendment, which has been construed to grant to states the power to pass their own laws to preserve the safety, health, and welfare of their communities. Jail is to protect the public and citizens of county by providing a wide range of constructive, professional correctional services for pre-trial and convicted detainees. Jail is also ensure the safety and welfare of staff, visitors, and offenders by operating facilities and programs in a secure, humane environment which meets professional and standards and constitutional†¦show more content†¦Prisons often have very elaborate education and vocational training programs, halfway house service, work-release programs, and recreational and entertainment facilities. The original history of the federal prison system started back in the 1890s but it was not until 1930 that president Hoover signed a bill establishing a federal prison system that would actually start the building of actual federal facilities. The federal system had been relying on the state and local levels of government to house their prisoners. The Federal Bureau of Prisons was established within the Department of Justice and charged with the management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional institutions. This responsibility covered the administration of the 11 Federal prisons in operation at the time. As time has passed and laws have changed, the Bureaus responsibilities have grown, as has the prison population. At the end of 1930, the agency operated 14 facilities for just over 13,000 inmates. By 1940, the Bureau had grown to 24 facilities with 24,360 inmates. Except for a few fluctuations, the number of inmates did not change significantly between 1940 and 1980, when the population was 24,252, according to Federal Bureau of Prison. However, the number of facilities almost doubled from 24 to 44 as the Bureau gradually moved from operating large facilities confining inmates of manyShow MoreRelatedJails and Prisons Comparison Paper1965 Words   |  8 PagesJail and Comparisons Paper David L. Alexander CJA/234 October 8, 2012 Robin Kemp In considering the jails, as well as state and federal prisons, and in modern America, one must understand the historical contexts in which the three institutions were conceptualized and put into practice. Then a discussion of the reasons behind the drastic recent growth off these three ancient institutions must be had. 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Philosophy for Organizational Behavior- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePhilosophyfor Organizational Behavior. Answer: Introduction Organizational behavior is an area of social science which deals on how people or employees interact and relate in the work (Ohemeng and McCall-Thomas, 2013) it examines both individual and group behavior and aspects that promote efficiency n the performance of both the individuals and the organization as a whole. As an area of study and research, organizational behavior has a variety of topics but this paper will focus on motivation as one of the organizational behavior topic. The following journal articles will be used; Human relation article, human resource management article and academy of management journal. The three journals are analyzed differently to find similarities and differences on their views on motivation. Motivation can be defined as the external and internal factors that stir up energy and desire in people to be interested continuously and be committed to a role or subject or a job to work hard towards attaining a certain goa Similarities among the three Articles Three articles may defer on their on perspectives and views on motivations but there are a few similarities in them. The first similarity is that the articles agree that people are unique and therefore different things and ways should be used to motivate. The articles suggest that there are different ways of profiling employees in order to understand their personalities and what motivates them. Such tools include motivational maps. These maps define measure and types of motivation, or may advise the managers to stop certain traits among the employees. Such maps gives the management an insight on what really makes their workers feel motivated. This in an important factor to consider since what makes one employee feel satisfied may not have the same impact another worker. (da Rocha and Rocha, n.d.) The second similarity is that in all articles, monetary rewards are valued as part of incentive motivation. This is because money will be able to provide the basic material needs to the work ers for instance housing, food and clothing. Cognitive motivation or praise of he employees is another way recognized by the articles is a way of motivating the workers. This will help them have a positive attitude towards the organization and know that their efforts are recognized thus work extra hard for the good of the organization. It was found out that he greatest way to motivate a employee s though mental motivation because this arouses an inner drive hat pushes the worker to achieve the best by all means possible. Decision making as perceived is not only for managers. It is evident that in todays, world, most managers have abandoned the old traditions and bureaucratic ideas whereby all decisions were made from the top. The contemporary managers have incorporated views of heir employees as away of motivating them and imparting a sense of belonging to them. This change has been witnessed to bring tremendous positive change in performance since the employees own the organization. Balancing work and leisure is also another way to motivate workers. A dormant worker who never has time for recreation and revetment is never motivated. He or she feels hat the organization is there to exploit and ignore his or her needs. Leisure activities such as games bring togetherness among workers apart from refreshing the exhaus ted ones (Boon, Vangrieken and Dochy, 2015). It was found out that the current technological development is a factor that has contributed to electronic leash in that people are even forced to work from home using devices like cell phone and computers to link with their clients and bosses. The last similarity is that both the academy of management journal and human resource journal emphasize that an employer can motivate a worker by not only discussing work issue but also getting into an employees personal lives for example the social life in order to know the status of their workers. By doing this, the managers make the worker to feel appreciated ad valued hence get motivated. Differences among the three Journals As much as the articles share the same views on motivation, there are noticeable differences among them. The first contrast is that human resource journal article divides the types of motivation two that is intrinsic and extrinsic .Intrinsic type refers to motivation based on the cognitive or mental part .This involves commenting on job well done and praising the worker .The other one refers to physical or reward using tangible items for example money. This is mostly material-based type o motivation. The other two articles just discuss on the general types of motivation. The human resource article is the only article that attributes bad behavior in the organization to lack of motivation unlike the others which dont raise the issue of misbehavior. According to the journal lack of motivation makes employees change their attitudes towards the organization and therefore behave recklessly. In contrast, other two articles attribute misbehavior to personal issues for example the upbringing and individuals personalities. Human resource article emphasizes that the significance that a worker gives to the work place is majorly determined by the kind of motivation he or she receives from the institution but the other two articles suggest that the value that a worker puts on the institution of work are influenced by other factors other than motivation, Such as the relationship at workplace, culture and the structure of the organization. The human (Management interculturel: Stratgie, organisation, performance, Olivier Meier, ditions Dunod, Management Sup, 2010, 2010) resource article gives detailed on needs that an organization is required to meet for it to motivate the employees. The article uses Abrahams Maslows hierarchy of needs .These needs in an order of ascending order are, physiological, safety, love, esteem and finally self actualization needs (Healy, 2016). The other two articles assume that motivation should just be in monetary form. Human resource management arti cle in contrast to other articles states that motivation is mainly the culture of the organization. Motivation is the main force used by individuals to allocate power to generate and work on innovative ideas. However, employees are only energized to go beyond their normal duties if they are only given a strong identification with the organization. The culture of the organization plays a vital role in motivating innovative and creative behavior because it can create commitment among the workers in terms of believing in the organizational values and norms related to its functioning (Kontoghiorghes, 2015). Academy of management journal and human resource journal assumes that motivation is an idea that comes from the top management in that the managers are the ones to decide on what to give the employs but the human resource journal is against that idea .It suggests that the employees are the ones t decide on what they want to be given .The managers should not dictate on the kind of rewards be it money or other material gifts. The same journal unlike the others too advises the organiza tions to try their level best in communicating to their employees may be through mails, memo and even meetings. The article assumes that an informed employee is a motivated worker. Human resource management journal also unlike the other two emphasizes that for an organization to motivate its workers; it must create a friendly working environment by providing the required devices for example computers and copiers and required meals for the workers. Reconciliation of the Contrasting Points in the Articles The articles articulate different ways through which organizations can motivate their employees to ensure that there is good performance .Some of the points are similar and some differ. The conflicting points can be harmonized to come up with achievable and realistic solutions. Human resource article proposes that misbehavior in an organization is a result of lack of motivation; this idea is not true because deviant behavior has many causes for example peer influence, individuals personalities and the environment and not manly motivation. Therefore, the article should consider other factors to come up with a concrete work n motivation. The same attitude also assumes that employees may develop a negative attitude towards the organization because of lack of motivation of which it is not true. There are so many factors that may lead to attitude change for example poor relationship among the workers can be a factor. (The relationship between organizational culture and employee motivation as moderated by work attitude, 2017) .The use of hierarchy of needs model in some way portrays that is the place of work that is expected to satisfy all human needs yet in real sense, there are some needs which can b fully met by other institutions other than work place. Human resource model hold that the main factor that can motivate the employees is the organizational culture. It is true that culture plays a vital role but when it comes to motivation there are other factors that affect it for instance the amount of income, incentives and the organizational relations. One of the articles suggests that the employees should be given the freedom to choose what they want as rewards. This may not be possible in many organizations because of financial reasons and structure. Given freedom, employees may e be unrealistic in their demands in that they might choose something too big or burdensome for the organization to acquire. One of the articles too suggests that an organization can moti vate its workers by not only engaging tem in office work but also going an extra mile of knowing workers personal lives. This may be against the rights of the employees in that some information is too private and confidential and are only family -related issues. Too much involvement of the managers denies the employee his o her right to private life. (Zarkovic, 2015) Integration of the Points in the Three Articles Motivation is the major factor that determines the performance of workers in an organization. There are two types of motivation; intrinsic an extrinsic. The former entails mental or cognitive motivation for example commending on job well done and recognizing performance. The latter is more of physical rewards e.g. money. Motivation should be done with consideration that individuals are unique meaning that whatever satisfies one worker does not necessarily do so to another employee. This means that managers should understand the employees. Inclusion of the employees also in the decision making is away to motivate the workers. When involved, they feel that they own the organization and therefore put all their efforts to see that they perform well in the different capacities they are serving. Communication is also a great factor in the motivation of the workers. An organization should try to keep its workforce up to date. An informed worker is a motivated worker. When an employee has go t all the information concerning what is going on in the motivation, he or she will be motivated to work t benefit the organization. Conducive work place is also another major factor that plays a big role in worker motivation. Availability of good working equipment and services to the employees motivate them to see the significance of the organization and therefore work whole heartedly for the organization. Application of the Integrated Information The concept of motivation is applicable in different ways for example if the workers are poorly performing because of lack of motivation, the organization must check if has been meeting the employees basic material needs hence re -adjust. Second is that the organization should not only reward people physically but also recognize good performance and commend it. Reference Ohemeng, F. and McCall-Thomas, E. (2013). Performance management and undesirable organizational behaviour: Standardized testing in Ontario schools. Canadian Public Administration, 56(3), pp.456-477. Management interculturel: Stratgie, organisation, performance, Olivier Meier, ditions Dunod, Management Sup, 2010. (2010). Management international, Kontoghiorghes, C. (2015). Linking high performance organizational culture and talent management: satisfaction/motivation and organizational commitment as mediators. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(16), pp.1833-18515(1), p.103. da Rocha, A. and Rocha, F. (n.d.). EEG Mapping of Motivation. SSRN Electronic Journal. Boon, A., Vangrieken, K. and Dochy, F. (2015). Team creativity versus team learning: transcending conceptual boundaries to inspire future framework building. Human Resource Development International, pp.1-24. Healy, K. (2016). A Theory of Human Motivation by Abraham H. Maslow - reflection. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(4), pp.313-313. The relationship between organizational culture and employee motivation as moderated by work attitude. (2017). Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 3(1). Zarkovic, I. (2015). Measures of electronic monitoring of employees and the right to privacy in the workplace. Nauka, bezbednost, policija, 20(3), pp.165-182. Manjili, R. (2016). Relation of Emotional Intelligence with Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees of Public Hospitals of Rasht City. Journal of Health Promotion Managment, 6(1), pp.23-29. Parameswar, N. and Prasad, R. (2016). Humanistic Leadership, Organizational Culture and Corporate Citizenship Behaviour. Purushartha - A Journal of Management , Ethics and Spirituality, 9(2)

Montesquieu Essays - Political Philosophy, Politics, Government

Montesquieu In this essay I will be discussing Montesquieu, Dewey, Wright, and Lippmann. These authors have been writing about todays government for many years. These governments have many things in common as well as different. Montesquieu says that virtue is the most important principle of democracy in American government. That all members of society must put the public good ahead of their own interests. The English have been unable to establish a democracy this century because those who were involved in public affairs had some virtue. Their ambition was exited by the success of the bold and daring. The spirit of one faction is repressed by the spirit of another. When virtue ceases, ambition enters those hearts that can admit it, and greed enters them all. One was free under the laws, and now wants to be free against them. The laws are not what are best of the public. Each citizen is like an escaped slave. Instead of the people fighting tyranny, the people are fighting each other. The principle of aristocracy is moderation. The rich and upper class govern aristocracy, and it is ruled by the best people based on their interests and represses those of the people. Moderation in virtue has to lye within the aristocracy. Keeping the interests of aristocracy in mind rather than personal interests. Now such a body can repress itself in two ways. Either by great virtue, which makes noble equal to the people, which would form a great republic. Or by lesser virtue, a moderation that leaves the nobles equal amongst themselves, which brings about their preservation. The moderation founded on virtue is the heart and soul of this government. In monarchies the government uses as little virtue as possible to accomplish things. The laws replace all these virtue in a monarchy. One man is the supreme ruler over all. Honor replaces virtue in a monarch. Honor joined with the forces of laws eventually leads to the goal of government. People put their reputation first n trying to get distinction for themselves. In a monarchy most people are good citizens, but it is hard to find good citizens. For in order to be a good citizen, one must have the intention of being one. Love the state less for oneself than for itself. ?ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country.? Ambition is fatal to the leader of a republic, but has good effect in a monarchy. Honor is not the principle of despotic states, these must be fear in a despotic government. Fear must destroy courage and ambition in order to stop any chances of a revolution. When fear fails to exist, the people no longer have a protector. Montesquieu shows how education will be different in each kind of government. In monarchies education is not found institutions. It is found in everyday life were people can be taught from experience. Education starts at birth and nothing in the republic government to stop it. Minority has no options if the majority is a faction. Stop a majority from forming and you stop majority factions from carrying out their ?evil? schemes. Madison feels this makes republics unstable and dangerous. A pure democracy can only work in a small society. Democracy will not work in trying to govern a large area or a large population because a common passion or interests will be felt by the majority. In democracy there is nothing to stop majority from taking advantage of the minority. Politicians claim that if there were perfect quality in their political rights, they would also have the same possessions, opinions, and passions. This is not true, for we need something to protect us. Madison feels that a republic is the ideal cure for faction. You must first get rid of this by refining and enlarging the public views. It is ideal to have the best representatives possible to make the decision for society. In a big district voting is good because it will keep out one view. It will concentrate on everyone's views and give these elected officials a more broad view from hearing everyone's ideas. That wisdom will enable him to give a better decision than

10 Best Adventure Places In India Tourism Essays

10 Best Adventure Places In India Tourism Essays 10 Best Adventure Places In India Tourism Essay 10 Best Adventure Places In India Tourism Essay India is more advantageous topographic point than any other state in the universe to host escapade activities, whether it is a campaign in a nature modesty, a camel drive through the desert or a trek through the mountains. India has tonss of escapade hot spots that draw many escapade partisans to India. Adventure and H2O athleticss like trekking, mountaineering, rafting and stone mounting, kayaking, snorkeling ; and scuba diving are done in many topographic points in India. At 7000 pess, Darjeeling is in the northern portion of West Bengal. The Museum of Natural History is an interesting topographic point in Darjeeling. It is known for its varied wildlife. Other topographic points you can see sing are Dhirdam temple, Aloobaari Monastery, Bhutia Bustee Monastery and Ava Art gallery. Gulmarg- the hayfield of flowers is in the Himalayas. Gulmarg provides superb opportunities for long walks. You can besides travel sight seeing to Nanga Parbat and Haramukh. The Valley of Kashmir will non neglect to please you. Jim Corbett National Park is set in the foothills of Himalayas. Here you can take portion in the escapade athleticss like, jungle campaign, wildlife cantonments and jungle camps.Manali has umteen temples, monasteries, base on ballss, waterfalls, landscapes which ever attract tourers. An idyllic topographic point offers adventures like skiing, boosting and trekking. The Zanskar vale is located across the Suru Valley and over the Pensi La in the Ladakh state of Jammu and Kashmir. You trek from Leh, Darcha from Padum to the Markha vale or Pentse La from Panikhar or Rangdum into the vale of Zanskar from Lamayuru, . Dodital sets in the Uttarkashi territory of the Garhwal. You will acquire first-class chances of trekking. Dodi Lake is well-known for trout and Mahseer fishing.Leh is known as a trekker s Eden in North India.Polo is a well-liked activity in Leh. Leh-Manali main road offers scenic and pictural landscapes. Rafting in the Zanskar River at Leh will be a delicious experience. Rishikesh is settled in the northern portion of the province of Uttaranchal. For venture lovers, rapids and rivers of Rishikesh are first-class athleticss. Rishikesh besides plays a function as a base for trekking cantonments. Auli dwells towards the North of the province of Uttaranchal. The portion of Garhwal mountain scope is formed by Auli. Auli is the finish where skiing is a popular activity. Para seafaring is quiet a celebrated athletics which is carried out in Billing. The topographic point is located in Kangra Valley at 8500 pess.

4 Expert PSAT Calculator Tips + Approved Calculators

4 Expert PSAT Calculator Tips + Approved Calculators SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips PSAT math can be intimidating, so it would be nice to be able to have some computerized help. But can you use a calculator on the PSAT? Yes, you can, though only on the second of the two Math sections on the PSAT.But what kind of calculator can you use, and when does it make sense to use a calculator on the PSAT? Read on for the complete list of approved calculators for PSAT test day and our top tips for using your calculator effectively. Can You Use a Calculator on the PSAT? Like the SAT, the PSAT has four sections: Reading, Writing, Math (No Calculator), and Math (Calculator). The No Calculator Math section is 25 minutes long, and has 17 questions, while the Calculator section is 45 minutes long and has questions. As the name suggests, the only time during the PSAT where you can use your calculator is on thefinal Calculator mathsection. According to College Board, most questions on the Calculator Math section can be answered without using a calculator, but a calculator could be useful on some questions. Translated from the College Board's cautious official language: you absolutely should use a calculator when it’s called for to make your life easier, but don’t over-complicate questions by using a calculator when it would be quicker to solve by hand. For example, it’s faster (and presents lower chances of error) to use your calculator to multiply 34 x 174. However, it’s much faster to solve an equation like 3x + 4y = 17, 4x + 8y = 26 by hand than to use your graphing calculator to do it. Approved Calculators for PSAT Test Day The College Board allows three types of calculators on the PSAT: four-function calculators, scientific calculators, and graphing calculators. Four-function calculators are so-called because they can basically just do four things: add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Although you could theoretically use just a four-function calculator on the PSAT, it's not recommended, most likely because four-function calculators usually lack useful features like parentheses and entry lines. The only advantages of four-function calculators are that they tend to be relatively inexpensive and take up less space. But honestly, the disadvantages of not being able to see what you just entered into the calculator far outweigh the benefits. All scientific calculators are permitted for use on the PSAT. A scientific calculator has all the features of a four-function calculator plus a few other useful things. Key functions included in all scientific calculators are parentheses, pi, and trigonometric functions, as can be seen below: AJC1/Flickr Parentheses in particular are great because you can use them to make sure your calculations happen in the right order. For example, ((15 x 19) – (13/2)) /100 is a whole lot easier to enter in all at once with parentheses, instead of having to break it up into its individual parts and then re-use the parts; every extra calculation entry you do introduces the chance of more error. The final type of calculator you can bring to the PSAT is a graphing calculator. Graphing calculators are great because they will definitely have features like entry lines as well as everything a scientific calculator has. They can also be helpful in visualizing solutions to linear equations – for instance, if you want to find out where the two equations cross, you can just look at the graph to get the coordinates The only problem with graphing calculators is that their multifunctionality can trick students into using them when not using a calculator would be faster. Avoid this trap by using a graphing calculator as you take practice tests and challenging yourself to question each time you use the calculator if it’s really necessary, or if it’s taking up more time than it’s saving. Unlike with scientific calculators, not all models of graphing calculator are allowed under the PSAT calculator rules. Below is a chart of acceptable PSAT graphing calculators, sorted by brand. Casio Hewlett-Packard Radio Shack Sharp Texas Instruments Other Brands FX-6000 series HP-9G EC-4033 EL-5200 TI-73 Datexx DS-883 FX-6200 series HP-28 series EC-4034 EL-9200 series TI-80 Micronta FX-6300 series HP-38G EC-4037 EL-9300 series TI-81 Smart2 FX-6500 series HP-39 series EL-9600 series (stylus not permitted) TI-82 FX-7000 series HP-40 series EL-9900 series TI-83/TI-83 Plus FX-7300 series HP-48 series TI-83 Plus Silver FX-7400 series HP-49 series TI-84 Plus/TI-84 Plus T FX-7500 series HP-50 series TI-84 Plus CE/TI-84 Plus CE-T FX-7700 series HP Prime TI-84 Plus Silver FX-7800 series TI-84 Plus C Silver FX-8000 series TI-85 FX-8500 series TI-86 FX-8700 series TI-89 FX-8800 series TI-89 Titanium FX-9700 series TI-Nspire/TI-Nspire CX FX-9750 series TI-Nspire CAS/TI-Nspire CX CAS FX-9860 series TI-Nspire CM-C/TI-Nspire CM-C CAS CFX-9800 series TI-Nspire CX-C CAS CFX-9850 series CFX-9950 series CFX-9970 series FX 1.0 series Algebra FX 2.0 series FX-CG-10 (PRIZM) FX-CG-20 Want to improve your PSAT score by 150 points? We have the industry's leading PSAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today: Avoid These PSAT Calculators Some calculators, like TI-92 Plus or Voyage 200, are banned from the PSAT because they violate College Board PSAT calculator guidelines. Most of these guidelines are common sense, like that you can’t use a calculator that makes noise or a calculator that can access the Internet. A few of the other qualifications, though, are less obvious, like the fact that you can’t use a calculator that requires an electrical outlet. If your calculator meets any of the following criteria, you cannot use it on the PSAT: It’s part of a portable/handheld computer, laptop, electronic writing pad, or pocket organizer. Shockingly, you can't use your computer while taking the PSAT. It has QWERTY (i.e., typewriter) keypads as part of hardware or software (e.g., TI-92 Plus, Voyage 200). You also can’t use any â€Å"hardware peripherals† with an otherwise approved calculator (e.g. an external keyboard or LCD screen) It has pen-input/stylus/touch-screen capability (e.g., Palm, PDAs, Casio ClassPad) It has wireless or Bluetooth capability It paper tapes It can "talk" (terrifying) or make noise It requires an electrical outlet It can access the Internet It has cell phone capability or audio/video recording capability. No using your cellphone calculator on the PSAT! It has a digital audio/video player It has a camera or scanning capability No external view screens allowed on yourPSAT calculator! (Joe Haupt/Flickr) 4 PSAT Calculator Tips Now that you know what your options are for approved calculators for PSAT testing, let's go through a few key tips to help you use your calculatoreffectively on test day. Tip 1: Bring an Approved Calculator to the Test It’s better to have a calculator you can use and end up not needing it than to need a calculator and not have one. The same thing goes for making sure it’s an approved calculator; there’s no point in bringing a calculator with you that you can’t use. Tip 2: Be Familiar With Your Calculator One of the main reasons to use a calculator is that it enhances your speed and accuracy on the test. If you’re using a calculator you’ve never used before, you’ll be slower and more prone to errors, no matter how fancy the calculator is. Avoid test-day peril by using the calculator you plan to use on the PSAT for your everyday schoolwork and homework as much as possible. That way, when PSAT time comes, you’ll be comfortable with your calculator. Tip 3: Check the Calculator's Entry Line When you’re doing calculations during the test, it can be easy to get caught up in the rush to finish the test in time and accidentally hit "8" instead of "5," or "x" instead of "-". To limit the impact of these errors on you, double check the entry line before hitting â€Å"enter† to make sure you haven’t entered in the wrong number or operation. Double-checking the entry line is particularly important if you’re not using a graphing calculator that keeps a running log of all the calculations you’ve done. Tip 4: Know When Not to Use Your Calculator Especially if you have a graphing calculator, it can seem like the easier thing to do is to let the calculator work for you. Meticulously entering in an equation into the calculator and getting it to solve it for you, however, can take way more time than just doing it by hand would. This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t use the calculator at all; rather, use it as a supplement to your skills, rather than as a replacement. Be warned,you shouldn't rely on calculator apps to do the hard work for you. PSAT proctors have the right to inspect your calculator and delete all programmed apps on there, and if you’d grown accustomed to using apps to solve problems, you’ll be in hot water. Hot water: beautiful to watch spewing from a geyser, less beautiful to be in. What’s Next? Now that you've gotten your calculator figured out, what's left to do? Only to learn what a perfect PSAT score is and how to get it, naturally. Ready to get into the details of what you'll be tested on when you take the PSAT? We discuss what's covered (and what's not) in our complete guide to the PSAT. Find out when you can take the PSAT with our up-to-date PSAT test dates article. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Catcher in The Rye Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Catcher in The Rye - Coursework Example He is depressed, and he admits it himself several times throughout his narration. Besides the circumstances he got himself into, his brother died, and it had a great impact on Holden. Later, during his school years, he had another encounter with the death, when one of the boys, James Castle, jumped out of the window. However, I do not think Holden is capable of committing suicide. It is not â€Å"phoniness†; it is exaggerated way to express the feeling of depression and utter despair. He is not the type of guys that are so brave. He admits himself that â€Å"I’m one of these very yellow guys. I try not to show it, but I am†¦The more I thought about my †¦yellowness, the more depressed I got.† He would talk suicide, he will consider it, but he will not master up the courage to do it. Also, he does really love his parents and especially his sister Phoebe. He knows his death will make her very sad. He thinks about different things a lot, but he doesnâ€℠¢t do it. For example, he is thinking it would be good to go and say hello to Jane, and he is very excited about it, however he is not â€Å"in the mood† for it. In the other instance, he invites the prostitute, but he feels so peculiar about having sex, that he just talks with her. When thinking about prostitute coming to him, he took care to groom himself, even though he thought he did not have to.

Impact of introduction of business intelligence tools in organization Research Paper

Impact of introduction of business intelligence tools in organization - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that ever changing newer technologies have transformed businesses all over the world and these technologies are actually determining the future viability of a said business in today’s competitive environment. An organization today is more or less global in some way or the other, therefore, the competition is not constrained to geographical boundaries. The effect of this threat is evident and companies are being more proactive in investing in software suites that would provide them with the competitive edge over their rivals. Economies in many ways are becoming more and more technology dependent these days and this means that the organizations performing business in these economies too should equip themselves with technology and use it to outperform their competitors. Many theorists have argued over the recent times that organizations should employ technology to make them more agile and flexible. To serve this purpose, many renowned business managers came up with the idea of using statistical measures to best translate the data they have. Data is only an asset if it can be transformed into some useful information by the means of which decision making could be made easier and business managers can forecast their production plans and marketing strategies. Companies therefore are moving away from conventional approaches to a paradigm where information management is a very important determinant. The researcher therefore aims to examine the information landscape of an organization before the implementation of a business intelligence tool and the after effects of the implementation. He will also look into the different technologies available and how each technology varies with the organization type and organization size. Moreover, he will also take into consideration the success stories of many different organizations that are reaping huge rewards with a successful Business Intelligence tool implementation! The researcher will look to fin d and interview concerned business managers such as Sales managers, Brands managers, Credit managers, Compliance managers and Technical managers. This array of managers don’t only show the diversity of application of Business Intelligence technology but also show the various set of departments can benefit from one Business Intelligence implementation in an organizations. 2. Objectives The objectives of this research are very well defined and cater to a very specific niche of applications. They are as follows: To examine what effect on organization’s performance can a specific Business Intelligence application bring To examine how organization can define certain Key Performance Indicators and use them to gain business edge How reporting and dashboards can simplify a manager’s job To assess the value of historic data and how can it be used to work like a decision support system To study if Business Intelligence applications are compatible with other information pr oviding software available in the organization? To differentiate between different Business Intelligence Technologies available and recommend the ideal match for a specific organization To calculate a typical ROI on Business Intelligence Suite Implementation To study how to streamline the general architecture of a BI implementation with the organization’s IT architecture 3. Background Organizations over the years have tried their best to forecast or predict things. In the recent past these studies were based on study of current happenings and events. Since the introduction of computers at the workplace, these studies became much more

The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution Essay Example for Free

The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution Essay To ratify a treaty or agreement is to make it official by signing it or voting for it. For amendments of the federal constitution to take place, it usually requires the support of both the federal government and a given percentage of the constituent governments. Article five of the constitution of the United States of America illustrates how to amend the document. There are two steps involved; proposal and ratification. In proposing an amendment, either congress or the states can propose an amendment of the constitution. (Both houses of congress must propose the amendment with a two-thirds vote. Two-thirds of the state legislatures must call a congress to hold a constitutional convention.) In ratifying an amendment, regardless of how the amendment has been proposed, it must be ratified by the states. (Three-fourths of the state legislatures must approve the amendment proposed by congress or three-fourths of the states must approve the amendment through ratifying conventions.) Ratification of the constitution in 1787                  In 1787 and 1788, after the constitutional convention, there was a great debate in the United States of America over the constitution that had been proposed. Federalists were in favor of the constitution and a strong central government as well. These federalists were people like George Washington and Alexander Hamilton. On the opposing side were the anti federalists who were in favor of stronger state legislatures and a weaker central government. The anti-federalists did not want the constitution to be ratified. They were people like Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry. Federalists were in support of the ratification process due to the following reasons                  Federalists also reasoned out that the new government would not be dominated by any group and there were various adequate safeguards to protect individuals and the states. The constitution, therefore, did not need a Bill of Rights since it could create a ‘parchment barrier which limited the rights of people instead of protecting them. They considered a Bill of Rights unnecessary because the state governments already had such bills. They wanted a strong federal government which would hold the nation together. The nation was facing several problems, especially constant trade disputes which were at the verge of dividing the nation. A strong federal government was, therefore, necessary. Anti-federalists, on the other hand, did not support the ratification process for the following reasons; They were concerned about the liberties that Americans had won in the revolution. They feared that a strong federal government would destroy these liberties. They were worried that the constitution did not list specific rights for the people. From the above discussion, if I had been alive in 1787, I would have supported the ratification process because of the following reasons; A stronger national government was required to solve persistent problems in America such as lack of a common currency, constant trade disputes between the states and a lack of unity in trade. Features of the constitution would provide adequate power to the national government to address these problems while protecting the rights and freedoms of the people. There were philosophical reasons to oppose the constitution as well. The new government which would be established by the new constitution would create a link between sovereign states. Besides, government did not have power because it was the government, but because the people had granted it power. Federal courts had limited jurisdiction. Many areas were left to the state and local courts. New federal courts were necessary to provide checks and balances on the power of the other two arms of government. Federal courts would thus protect the citizens from government abuse and guarantee their freedom. By separating the basic powers of government into three equal branches, and not giving too much power group, the constitution would provide balance and prevent potential for tyranny. In addition, the anti-federalists main reason for not accepting the ratification process was that the bill of rights had not been included. Later on, the proposed bill of rights was incorporated in the new constitution, and therefore the ratification process was now a valid one. References Bailyn, Bernard. The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Anti-federalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters during the Struggle over Ratification. New York: Literary Classics of the United States:, 1993. Print. John, Jeffrey. A Child of Fortune: A Correspondents Report on the Ratification of the U.S. Constitution and Battle for a Bill of Rights. Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson, 1990. Print. The Constitution before the Judgment Seat: The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution, 1787-1791. Choice Reviews Online: 50-0478. Print. Source document

Diaspora and Syal’s Anita and Me Essay -- Diaspora Syal Anita Me Essay

Diaspora and Syal’s Anita and Me Diaspora, a term used to describe the dispersion of a people from their original homeland, has become an increasingly pertinent topic of discussion in contemporary society. Nalini Natarajan in the essay â€Å"Reading Diaspora† argues that â€Å"the phenomenon of diasporic populations is by no means new, but its scale in the twentieth century is dramatic† (xiii). Natarajan also argues that the nature of contemporary diasporic experiences, due to the global reach of technology and media is significantly more complex and ambivalent than earlier diasporic experiences. Literary works have become a major source of knowledge about Diaspora and Mishra Sudesh, the author of the essay â€Å"From Sugar to Masala: Writing by the Indian Diaspora† calls for a clear distinction between the old (sugar) and new (masala) diasporic movements. Sudesh argues that the old diasporic movement is marked by the semi-voluntary flight of Indians to non-metropolitan plantation colonies such as Fiji and Trinidad while the new diasporic movement is the post-modern dispersal of all Indian classes to thriving metropolitan centers such as the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. Sudesh claims that writers of the old diaspora tend to concentrate on the cracks within the experience while new diasporic writers tend to focus on â€Å"the liminal or threshold zone of intercutting subjectivities that define the experience of migrancy† (287). Sudesh places Meera Syal, the author of the novel Anita and Me, amongst the many writers of the new or masala Diasporas. Syal’s Anita and Me is a coming of age novel about a young girl, Meena, trying to cope with the inner and outer conflicts of a child of a minority culture facing both the temptati... ...h she may one day visit her parent’s homeland, India is not her home and neither is Britain. It is the space between these two countries, lifestyles, and cultures that has finally become her home. Works Cited Brah, Avtar. â€Å"Diaspora, Border and Transnational Identities.† Feminist Post-Colonial Theory. Ed. Reina Lewis and Sara Mills. New York: Routledge, 2003. Fludernik, Monica. Hybridity and Post-Colonialism. Germany: Stauffenburg and Veriag, 1998. Natarajan, Nalini. â€Å"Reading Diaspora.† Writers of the Indian Diaspora. Ed. Emmanual S. Nelson. Connecticut: Greenwich Press, 1993. Sudesh, Mishra. â€Å"From Sugar to Masala: Writing by the Indian Diaspora.† A History of Indian Literature in English. Ed. Arvind Krishna Melhotra. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003. Syal, Meera. Anita and Me. New York: The New Press, 1996.

Are We a Team? Essay

1. What type of team does the new CIO have? What do you see as the key problem with the team? The new CIO has a cross-functional team, the team is including employees from the same hierarchical level but form different departments and expertise. They all working towards a common goal. They are 14 who are regional IT persons and department heads. The problem I fee is that there is lack of cooperation. Everyone seems to be working on their tasks but no one is realizing about the common goal. Moreover, the remarks given by team members show lack of trust and respect. It is difficult to manage the cross-functional team. For this manager have to build a strong communication channel and trust among all the team member so they can achieve their goals. 2. How do you think the team evolved to this low level of cooperation and cohesiveness? In my point of view team evolved to this low level of cooperation and cohesiveness because of poor communication, lack of leadership and selfishness. As most of the team members are thinking about their own achievement not company’s goal. They people didn’t share information to achieve collective goals. Team cohesiveness is defined as the extent to which team members are attracted to the team and motivated. It means every team member has commitment to team activities, support other team members and enjoy team’s success. This team has lack of leadership, as there is no interaction and gap of communication that is why they don’t know about shared goal. The former CIO always agreed with everyone but he didn’t convey shared goals this the main reason that team members are not clear about their goals. The former CIO failed to shape such rules that can helped him to ma ke an effective and productive team. 3. What suggestions do you have for the CIO to help her turn this collection of individual regional and department heads into a top-performing team? Explain. Well as a management student, I will suggest her the following thing so she can make the collection of individual regional and department heads into a top-performing team; I. She has to be clear with her team and provide clear vision, objective and share goals. II. She has to make an effective communication channel so every single member of the team have the same information. III. She has to lead the team with her effective leadership qualities. IV. She  has to make job discerption for every one so nobody can interfere in others work and clear about their role in the team. V. She has to build good relationship with her team so they can trust her and give respect. VI. Last but not the least, she has to make check and balance on every member, so that she can figure out about the performance of individuals and overall as team. I think these are the main point if she focus on these she can get a batter result from her team and they can work together as a team to achieve shared goals.

George Black’s “The Trout Pool Paradox” Essay

It’s hard to imagine that three rivers, running so purely for so many years could contribute to a damaged environment.   The rivers were created by nature and there was nothing harmful about them.   They only added beauty to their surroundings and who would have ever thought that such beautiful rivers could lend aid to the destruction of the environment? Several people of an older age were asked about the rives effectiveness, now, versus what they used to be and it would quite clear that industry has put a huge damage on our society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Less than two hours from New York, the two Connecticut rivers run in parallel valleys only a few miles apart and they have charted the course of American, environmental, industrial, and our social history and they do have very different results as George Black explains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Housatonic, The Naugatuck and the Shepaug flow parallel to one another and they are a short distance apart; only a few mile separates the rivers.   There are so many similarities connects these rivers.   Very fast waters and rock filled, these rivers are surrounded by farmland that is extremely prone to flooding.   The town was a great place to start a mill, which could easily turn a small, quiet town into a new revolutionized, booming factory town.   Because, one river only was used, the Naugatuck, it became the  brass and rubber   world capital for the industry.   The Shepaug, ended up being a rural idyll.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main town of Waterbury, one of the towns and it was even named in (Money Magazine as the most unlivable city in America.) Reference Money Magazine, where the two valleys became polar opposites.   The main town on the Shepaug is Washington, and it has become a terribly expensive get away for people on weekends for a vast amount of the higher classed people of New York.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   George Black made a great attempt to study and explain the â€Å"trout pool paradox† and how these rivers became the focus of an environmentally harmful industry.   George Black looks into the history of these three rivers and talks about the effect that the factories, from the Industrial Revolution affected the people who live near these rivers, and the population who fish, live and spend so much of their time fighting and working to protect the Housatonic and its tributaries, recently.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A hundred years ago the idea of the environment being in jeopardy was never even fathomed.   It was assumed by the people of Connecticut that their way of life would continue, without interruption.   They never imagined that the huge factories that were fed by a waterway could have such a great impact on society.   If they could have foreseen the future, I’m sure something would have been done to discourage the development of the water powered mills that would operate the factories that contributed to the deterioration of the environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Man directly had a bad impact on the environment by building the factories and destroying the pureness of the rivers that were written about by George Black.   He could  see that society was directly impacted upon by the dangerous smoke and chemical hazards that were so worried about by him.   He was attempting to study and in by writing about the three rivers in â€Å"The Trout Pool Paradox,† to unveil the dangerous hazards that were brought on my society’s incredible desire to make more money and revolutionize the town in Connecticut.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   George Black says that it is important that we realize that we have come so far in realizing how everyone needs to be aware of steps we each must take to secure that are environment is being tended to and that we are aware of the hazards that the Industrial Revolution have brought upon our land and waters.   He seems generally sincere in the aspect that he cares about our ecosystem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the last thirty or more years, great attempts have been displayed with concerned people who fight for the ecosystem and spend much of their time being sure that the hazardous pollutants are being directly made known to the public and George Black is one of these concerned individuals who spent time to give his thoughts on the crumbling of the ecosystem by writing â€Å"The Trout Pool Paradox.†Ã‚   He made us look at these rivers and the town in Connecticut and how they remained untouched since the beginning of their existence, and I think it hurt him to see the direct harm that was cast upon these.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The people of America must come together as a team, each agreeing that it takes an entire society of people working together and expressing their concerns about our stream, rivers and towns.   We do have the power as a whole to speak about the dangers that are being forced upon our environment.   If we work together and have meetings and television and radio time to discuss the environment and bring so much more awareness to the idea of protecting our ecosystem.   If we really believe that we have the power to turn things around, I do believe that we can.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It only takes a few people to get things started.   We can each do our part by speaking up and voicing our opinions.   We can demand that hazardous factories be shut down and replaced by more economically friendly ran factories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   George Black delved into the thoughts of the public of the two communities that were two competing political cultures, and who were generally having a battle with each other over the meaning of running water.   George Black found that each community, each with their own ideas about the way things should be.   He searched into the question of what was the motives and how deep did their feeling run, concerning their environment. He realized how differently the two cultures had expressed their perception of what was going on around them.   He realized that each had different views, and thought it to be incredible that their views could be so different.   He felt after speaking to the people of the areas, that their stories needed to be told and felt that it was important to share his discoveries of the variance in opinions with the public.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I realize after gathering information that it was important for George Black to fish in the Shepaug watershed which is the main ideal of the trout stream.   It is terrible that only miles away, the Naugatuck is nothing more than a â€Å"chemical sewer† and it even catches on fire, sometimes and it must have been terribly devastating for the community who had once know the river and loved the river for it’s clean flowing water and it’s popularity for fishing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I don’t think any amount of money in the world is worth wasting a perfectly good river.   There could and should have been a better idea than just destroying our environments and communities because of greed.   The people who built and ran the factories in Connecticut should have take more time and should have performed in-depth studies before they so carelessly and directly aided in the destruction of our environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It isn’t too late to try to save our ecosystem.   Even though so much harm has already been done to our rivers, we can still set forth actions by showing our concern for our environment.   We can write to our Congress people.   We can voice our opinion, just as George Black did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When you view the Shepaug and the Naugatuck, you can’t really just see, with your eyes, their radically different evolution. The main important idea is to understand and to try to talk about how the currents of our natural history and our social history are connected.   We must look at how each of these waterways and ask ourselves, â€Å"How are they intertwined and how do they influence each other in various ways. A great Revolutionary Revolution, or reindustrialization, does not run uniformly through an area in a community just like New England, one river valley and then the next.   There are so many social issues   and changes brought on by the rivers but it is evident that the social issues are the ones that are most important. Events in history have altered life, as we know it, and have made huge impacts on the way we look at these two intertwined rivers. Sometimes our natural history can be changed by a single natural disaster but the idea that one river can be untouched and the other so close to it can completely be destroyed is unthinkable!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Housatonic Valley, it is evident that the course of history has been altered to  a great degree. The leaders of the Waterbury brass industry were able to devastate the Naugatuck Valley due to the fact that there was no effective checks on their power.   This neglect has had an impact, as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shephaug continues to flow seemingly untouched, offering some of the best fishing in the country (Houghton Mifflin, April),â€Å"The Trout Pool Paradox† can be used as a way of exploring four hundred years of our history in America.   You could point out different communities in America who have directly been affected by pollutants, and if they were written about and pointed out by other writers, as well as George Black, America could be a safer place to live in and their streams and rivers could be saved. Who knows how many rivers may be under great threat right now, and how one person could write a story such as â€Å"The Trout Pool Paradox† and bring immediate attention to the hazard that a beautiful river or stream might be threatened by.   Just by George Black’s thoughts on the destruction of our environment gives me great appreciation for his concern about our natural surroundings and it gives me a sense of responsibility to my community and to all of American rivers, streams, ponds and lakes. Reference; George Black, The Trout Pool Paradox

Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Essay Example

Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Essay Example Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Paper Strange Meeting by Wilfred Owen Paper Essay Topic: Literature At the time he wrote this poem, Wilfred Owen had lost hope for the war generation: civilians could not understand, soldiers could not explain. All a war poet could do was warn children, they might find consolation later that a true voice had managed to speak. His poems might prove that there is something indestructible in this human spirit. That would only be consolation if future generations acted on his warning and loved their fellow men. Owen felt he failed as a poet. From your reading of Strange Meeting, what do you think? In the poem Strange Meeting, Wilfred Owen believes he has failed as a poet. I think that he would be trying to warn future generations and also tell the truth about the war to civilians. His aim was to make civilians realise what war was really like and for the war to end. Wilfred Owen has a negative attitude towards war in general, and this negativity shows constantly throughout his poem Strange Meeting. One of the main ideas of the poem is the pity of war and this shows Owens belief that war creates more problems that it solves. I mean the truth untold, the pity of war, the pity war distilled. Wilfred Owen is telling us here that the soldiers cannot explain what war was like and that the real truth was not being told, as it should be. The truth is the pity of war and Wilfred Owen is trying to tell this message in his poem, because as a poet he believes that it is his duty to tell everyone how terrible war is. Owen is hoping that war will make people show pity and think about what war actually achieves for mankind. Wilfred Owen shows us that war does not move the human race on, but takes it backwards. He believes that war is not suitable in todays society. Much blood had clogged their chariot-wheels I this quotation, Owen is explaining that war (the blood) is halting humanity (chariot-wheels) from progressing. He believes war is what people did a long time ago when they had a disagreement, and it has no place in modern society. When humanity is evolving and moving the human race. On one step, war is taking us back two steps. He would rather leader talk about their disagreements instead of fighting with each other at any opportunity they get. Wilfred Owen shows us that through knowledge we can learn to avoid war, and if everyone knows about the reality of war, it can be a thing of the past. Courage was mine and I had mystery, wisdom was mine and I had mastery; to miss the march of this retreating world. In the war, soldiers have the courage, and they follow their orders to their extent. But Wilfred Owen has the wisdom to step back from the war and he still has his life intact, but those who have had the courage to be fully involved with war will have lost their lives. Wilfred Owen has almost lost all hope of warning civilians and he thinks that he is fighting a losing battle. He has lost all hope of helping others because he does not think that they can understand. Here is no cause to mourn The deaths and the suffering that Wilfred Owen saw in the war have left him without hope, because it goes against everything he believes in. From the first three lines of the poem we learn a lot about Wilfred Owen. We learn that he seems to be in a dream or nightmare because he uses the phrase it seemed. He uses the metaphor: Down some profound dull tunnel The dull tunnel is portraying Owens state of mind, a trench he is travelling down, and is also a reference to him entering hell. Wilfred Owen is travelling into his hell: war. The tunnel is great in intensity (profound) and is travelling into something which titanic wars had groined. Owens idea of hell is something war had shaped: a trench cut out into the earth during war by a bomb. The soldiers will be forced to be satisfied with the destruction they have caused or they will walk away sad from the war because of the lives that they have killed. Now men will go content with what we spoiled. Or, discontent, boil bloody, and be spilled. The soldiers may be happy with what happened, or be dissatisfied, as Wilfred Owen was, at the fact that there will be more wars, suffering and bloodshed in the future. Owen wants to do something about it now, and stop war altogether because they are killing innocent people and destroying the earth that they live on. Wilfred Owen was in his own vision of hell. His vision of hell was one of pain and suffering and hopelessness. He was living in hell. By his dead smile I knew I stood in Hell. With a thousand pains that visions face was grained. Here, Wilfred Owen is warning people of the pity of war and that war is the same as hell. Hell was a place where pain was multiplied a thousand times on one face. Wilfred Owen is willing to die, but not at war, because he does not believe that a life deserves to be lost at war. He thinks that war is not worth going through, because the bad points outweigh the good points. I have poured my spirit without stint but not through the cess of war. Enemies are made at war, even though there is no logical reason that they should be enemies. I am the enemy you killed, my friend Wilfred Owen is contradictive because he calls him an enemy and friend. He loves his enemy as he loves himself. These people are enemies because they are on different sides, but they have no reason for fighting. If they were not at war with each other, they would be friends. Wilfred Owens goal as a poet was to tell people about the war and warn them. Some of the real truths about the war were almost too terrible for civilians to understand. I would go up and wash them from sweet wells, even the truths that lie too deep for taint. There are truths that are hidden and are so deeply covered that they escape decay or change. Wilfred Owen wants to uncover these truths that people are trying to hide, and tell everybody so that he can help bring an end to war and suffering. He is trying to help civilians understand the evil of war, because he believes that those who embrace war will go to hell. In hell there is suffering and you can have no feelings or emotions. I went hunting after the wildest beauty in the world, which lies not calm in eyes, or braided hair, but mocks the steady running of the hour, and if it grieves, grieves richlier than here. This is not conventional beauty, this is a beauty that transcends time and is not beauty that human beings can possess. In conclusion, I do not think that Wilfred Owen has failed as a poet because I think that he has been successful in warning people about the pity of war. He has warned civilians about the evil that is in war. Wilfred Owen, in his poem Strange Meeting has tried to teach people, but he may not have been successful in his own battle, to stop war and suffering altogether. In his own eyes, Wilfred Owen may have not been a successful poet because there are still wars going on nowadays and therefore has failed. However, I believe that he told the real truths about war like a war poet was meant to, and has tried to teach people to love each other instead of fight.

Documentos para viajar por avión dentro de EEUU

Documentos para viajar por avià ³n dentro de EEUU Si te encuentras en Estados Unidos y quieres volar dentro del paà ­s en un vuelo domà ©stico, debes conocer cul es la documentacià ³n que se acepta como identificacià ³n, conocida en inglà ©s como I.D., para que te permitan embarcar en un avià ³n. En este artà ­culo tambià ©n se explica cules son los requisitos para los nià ±os, para los extranjeros visitantes y tambià ©n, en el caso de los indocumentados, las reglas que aplican sobre sus licencias de manejar. Por à ºltimo, tambià ©n se informa sobre quà © hacer si ha habido un cambio de nombre y no coincide el del I.D. con el del boleto de avià ³n y quà © hacer si se olvida la documentacià ³n en casa. Documentacià ³n aceptada para volar dentro de Estados Unidos Las reglas bsicas las establece la Transportation Security Administration, conocido tambià ©n por sus siglas en inglà ©s de TSA. El I.D. para volar debe tener una foto de la persona y su nombre completo.   Segà ºn la TSA estos son los I.D. que los adultos, es decir, las personas mayores de 18 aà ±os, pueden utilizar para volar. Pasaporte de los Estados UnidosTarjeta de pasaporte de los Estados UnidosTarjeta del programa Trusted Traveler, tipo Global Entry, SENTRY, FAST o NEXUS.Un I.D. militar para soldados, oficiales, veteranos o sus familiares, aunque à ©stos se encuentren en el paà ­s en situacià ³n de indocumentados. Tambià ©n puede ser utilizado por  civiles empleados por el Departamento  de DefensaTarjeta de residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card.Visa lser, tambià ©n conocida como tarjeta de cruce de fronteras o BCC. Aquà ­ hay que respetar las millas que esta visa permite adentrarse dentro del territorio de Estados Unidos.Licencias de manejar reconocidas por el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS) como mejoradas. Es lo que se conoce como Enhanced Drivers Licenses, que sirven para manejar, como I.D. y tambià ©n como prueba de ciudadanà ­a americana. Las emiten los estados de Michigan, Minnesota, Nueva York, Vermont y Washington.Licencia de manejar de un estado o terri torio de Estados Unidos, como por ejemplo Puerto Rico, u otras tarjetas de identificacià ³n emitidas por el Departamento de Vehà ­culos de dicho estado para ser utilizadas como I.D.   Pasaporte extranjero, si bien con las limitaciones que se explican ms abajoI.D .emitido por una de las naciones tribales de Estados UnidosLicencia de manejar de una de las provincias de Canad o de sus naciones tribales.Acreditacià ³n de trabajador en el sector del transporte (TWIC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s)I.D. emitidos por un aeropuerto o una aerolà ­nea y que cumplan con los requisitos del plan de seguridad de la TSA, la agencia federal encargada de estos asuntos.Tarjeta HSPD 12 PIV, de verificacià ³n de identidad de empleados federales. Quà © documentos no se pueden utilizar como I.D. para volar Entre otros, no pueden utilizarse los siguientes documentos. La matrà ­cula consular no est admitida expresamente en el listado de la TSA. Si bien es cierto que algunos inmigrantes aseguran haber volado con ella, especialmente hace aà ±os. Si quieres volar con una matrà ­cula consular, tienes que saber que asumes un riesgo. Para ms detalles, se recomienda leer ms abajo en la seccià ³n dedicada a migrantes indocumentados. Tampoco pueden utilizarse las licencias de armas, ni las tarjetas de bibliotecas, de universidad o de escuela, etc. Reglas para los extranjeros temporalmente en Estados Unidos Si ests en Estados Unidos como turista o temporalmente o como trabajador asegà ºrate de llevar siempre contigo el pasaporte para volar. Asegurarse de que se est en estatus legal, ya que si al verificar el I.D. el empleado de la TSA cree que ese no es el caso se puede llamar a un oficial migratorio de la CBP y pasar a una segunda inspeccià ³n  para que decida sobre la situacià ³n.   Los estudiantes deben llevar, adems del pasaporte, el documento que se conoce como I-20 y las personas con una visa de intercambio J-1 el DS-2019 ya que si no lo tienen podrà ­a impedà ­rsele volar, retrasar el vuelo o hacerle preguntas adicionales.  ¿Se puede volar con las licencias de manejar para indocumentados? Varios estados emiten licencias de manejar a inmigrantes sin estatus legal.  Algunos, los menos, son exactamente iguales a los del resto de conductores. Sin embargo, en ciertos estados esas licencias son diferentes y se emiten con limitaciones como no para uso oficial, con restricciones federales, no para uso federal y similares. En teorà ­a no se puede volar con esas licencias. Pero se est reportando que sà ­ se ha volado.  ¿Cà ³mo debe interpretarse esto? Que si se quiere intentar volar con ese tipo de I.D. hay que conocer los riesgos. En otras palabras, es posible que al llegar al aeropuerto se puede impide volar o, en casos graves, se llame a un oficial migratorio. Es decir, se puede derivar a una persona a la segunda inspeccià ³n con la CBP, tambià ©n conocida como Policà ­a fronteriza. E incluso se puede llamar al ICE, la agencia encargada de ejecutar las leyes migratorias federales. Es especialmente importante tener en consideracià ³n que los controles y la verificacià ³n del estatus migratorio es ms comà ºn en los aeropuertos cercanos a la frontera con Mà ©xico, por ejemplo McAllen, en Texas.   Tambià ©n es de gran relevancia evitar estos riesgos si previamente se ha sido deportado, ya que aquà ­ los problemas pueden ser muy graves. Cada uno debe tomar las decisiones por sà ­ mismo, conocer las posibilidades y tambià ©n los riesgos. Quiz es conveniente consultar con un abogado o una organizacià ³n de apoyo a inmigrantes. Y evitar vuelos que pasan sobre aguas o territorios internacionales, como viajes a Alaska, Hawaii o Puerto Rico. I.D. para volar en vuelos domà ©sticos para menores de 18 aà ±os Los nià ±os menores de 18 aà ±os que viajan con sus padres o tutores no necesitan I.D. Pero es recomendable llevar el certificado de nacimiento para probar la edad cuando por su aspecto fà ­sico pueda sospecharse que ya alcanzaron la mayorà ­a de edad. Adems, antes de salir para el aeropuerto comprobar con la là ­nea aà ©rea si tienen requisitos especiales para menores en cuanto a identificacià ³n. Ya que las compaà ±Ãƒ ­as puedes establecer requisitos adicionales.    ¿Quà © pasa si se ha olvidado la identificacià ³n en casa? Ser posible volar si es posible establecer la identidad de otro modo, como por ejemplo utilizando bases de datos pà ºblicas. Si no es posible, no se permitir el embarca al avià ³n.  ¿Quà © hacer cuando se ha cambiado el nombre? Uno de los requisitos para poder volar es que totalmente coincidan el nombre en el I.D. y en la tarjeta de embarque, conocido en inglà ©s como boarding pass. A veces puede suceder que no sea asà ­, por ejemplo, en casos de matrimonio con cambio de apellido. En estos casos y semejantes es necesario llevar el certificado de matrimonio o la orden judicial en la que se autoriza al cambio. De interà ©s para inmigrantes que viajan Antes de volar, asegurarse de saber quà © est permitido y prohibido llevar en el equipaje de mano. Asimismo, si se viaja al extranjero, cules son los documentos que puede utilizar un ciudadano americano para regresar a USA y cules son los requisitos para los nià ±os que viajan sin sus padres. Y, finamente, tener en cuenta que cuando volar por avià ³n no es una opcià ³n, hay que saber que tambià ©n puede haber  controles migratorios internos (retenes) en las carreteras en el interior  de Estados Unidos.

Explain Socrates' claim that the unexamined life is not worth living Essay

Explain Socrates' claim that the unexamined life is not worth living (Apology) - Essay Example Therefore, Socrates claimed that for a human being to live a worthy life, everyone should question, examine and re-examine the values of their lives daily. This paper explores the meaning and the significance of the Socrates claim that â€Å"the unexamined life is not worth living† focusing on the Apology and Euthyphro. The words, ‘the unexamined life is not worth living’ by Socrates comes from Plato’s Apology when Socrates is sentenced to death after being accused of corrupting the youth and impiety. Patterson (16) posits that apology is one historical account of Socrates’ defense during his trial, and these words appear at the end of the Apology when Socrates is going through possible punishments for charges against him. Socrates utters these words when the jury has already found him guilty and has to decide on what kind of punishment to impose on him, which was agreed to be a death sentence. After being sentenced to death, he has to choose an alte rnative punishment like life sentence or exile but he declines the offer claiming that giving up philosophy would be disobedient to god. Therefore, by ‘the unexamined life is not worth living’, Socrates meant that he was ready to face death instead of living a simple life where he is not capable of examining claims of knowledge from other people, to challenge them and be able to ask them hard questions about reality. He urged people to be concerned about virtue to examine themselves and others because unexamined life is not worth living (Patterson 15). The dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro revolve around the issue of piety. Briefly, both Socrates and Euthyphro are involved in this aspect of piety. Euthyphro suggests that piety is all about prosecuting anyone who is guilty of murder but after challenged by Socrates, he states that piety is something that is dear to gods, arguing that piety is what all the gods love whereas impiety is what all the gods hate. Socrate s refused to accept many popular tales about activities of gods (Patterson, 11). According to Socrates, piety represents unexamined life, which is not worth living, and as such, he was accused of creating new gods and ignoring the traditional Athens gods. Therefore, by stating that unexamined life is not worth living, Socrates was informing individuals to look within and get the true value of life by carefully analyzing their actions in order to live a happy life where no one gets hurt. Critical examination of life is necessary as it involves evaluation of events from both the past and present. Through this, one is able to learn from the past mistakes and correct them, watch his actions and live a more fulfilling life; this is because without thorough examination of life, life is worthless. In a situation where a person fails to examine his life, he will keep on repeating past mistakes and stagnation is inevitable. People should try to be virtuous, try to find out and realize what t hey do not know in life to have a broader view of the world (Kamtekar 154). Socrates claim about unexamined life is unworthy can be seen as implying that a life without introspection, with no personal reflection is totally a waste since lack of self-understanding and analysis is likely to lead to repetition of past mistakes and blaming others. Failure to have a deep personal understanding makes a person to live unexamined life. Moreover, lack of meaningful life and progress is a waste of time; it