Julia Rowe DANC 221 Critical Analysis Paper- Rough Essays

Julia Rowe DANC 221 Critical Analysis Paper-Rough Draft The Mark Morris Dance Group played out a tremendous show at Cal Poly ' s Performing Arts Center on May 10, 2016. Imprint Morris is a world-popular choreographer of current and contemporary styles. The movement for this exhibition by and large needed physicality, in any case, there were other dark methods and systems that occurred to keep the crowd engaged all through the whole show. Albeit a few ideas may have been hard to decipher, the three bits of the show effectively constrained the crowd through separating topics of non-verbal communication , silliness, and stylish intrigue. The main piece, called Words, appeared to explore different avenues regarding passing on a feeling or disposition without the utilization of genuine words. The unrecorded music that went with this piece incorporated a violin and piano, with no comparing verses. There were many pair work where artists would fluctuate on utilization of face appearance, individual space, and development to depict sorts of connections between artists. These developments and forms of non-verbal communication dialects passed on numerous feelings, for example, joy, yearning, frustration, and liveliness which were hindered with a dark sheet. This dim sheet conveyed by two artists, moved over the phase to check the finish of a scene and a start of another. Indeed, even this dark sheet evoked blended sentiments of pity of a scene finishing and an energy of what will occur in the following. The accompanying piece may have been the crowd ' s most loved bit of the show in light of the fact that the planned cleverness was surely known by the group. The odd verses from Ivor Cutler were spoken to by artists ' person on foot like developments, signals, and emulate that pictured the words and sounds in the music. For example, a deficient word expression of an agony in the was promptly trailed by a ladies on downstage focus centering the crowd ' s consideration regarding her behind. The crowd adored this just as when the verses said I don't have the foggiest idea what love is, I wear ' t either, while a male and female artist were collaborating with one another. Despite the fact that there were numerous more profound implications of the verses, the crowd appeared to just comprehend the outside of it, consequently the continuous giggling all through the piece. The Grand Duo was the end bit of the night, which had a tasteful intrigue and excellence through a harmony of shapes and themes. In contrast to the past two pieces, the fourteen artists stayed in front of an audience while making slight minor departure from development phrases. In the first place, the artists began with one blame dealing straight above, glimmering like a little fire on a flame. Another rehashed theme was a L-state of the arms with a profound pli e . All artists executed both of these rehashed developments with minor departure from speed, level, and bearing, yet ap peared to bring a feeling of solidarity. Alongside this, the green, purple, and blue ensembles made of a sleek material had an impact of outlining a painted fine art.

Peer review paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Companion audit - Research Paper Example Islam has its own guidelines and standards as referenced in the Quran. Appropriately, Muslims that are fairly enabled to position vote do it for usage of the Sharia Law. A generally poor reaction has been made by â€Å"Jay Ulfelder† since he recognizes strict worries as the major purpose for the oppressive mentalities against such practices as fetus removal and homosexuality in the greater part of the states though truly there is an extensive populace of individuals who denounce these practices due to them being libertarians or on account of their moral and good concerns. Despite the fact that it is irrefutably evident that these practices are denounced on strict grounds, yet there are similarly the same number of, if not more, reasons refered to contradict these practices as the strict concerns. There is additionally absence of help of the contention with insights in the reaction. Words like â€Å"most states†, and â€Å"some parts of the country† fuse predisposition in the

Learn How Effective Drug Addiction Treatment Is

Learn How Effective Drug Addiction Treatment Is Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print Learn How Effective Drug Addiction Treatment Is By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 17, 2018 fstop123 / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In most cases, the goal of treatment for drug addiction or abuse is not only to get the person to stop using drugs but to also return the individual to a productive member of society. The goal of drug treatment is to not only to stop compulsive drug seeking and use but to help the patient become a functioning member of the family, more capable of becoming employed and improve his or her medical condition. Depending on the circumstances, the goal of drug treatment may also include reducing the criminal behavior of the addict. Effective Drug Treatments According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, effective drug treatment should, at the very least, lead to the following outcomes: Reduced use of primary drugImprove employment functioningImproved educational statusImproved interpersonal relationshipsImproved general health and medical statusImproved legal statusImproved mental health status Therefore, to measure the effectiveness of drug treatment programs, the rate of abstinence is not the only factor to be considered, but also the functioning of the patient at home, work and in the community. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, research shows that overall drug treatment is as successful as treatment of other chronic diseases, such as asthma, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Results of Drug Treatment Programs NIDA research shows that drug treatment programs can produce the following results: Reduce drug use by 40% to 60%Reduce arrests for criminal acts by 40%Methadone treatment reduces criminal behavior by 50%Reduces the risk of HIV infection.Increases the prospects of employment by 40% But, the NIDA is quick to point out that individual treatment outcomes can vary widely depending on many factors, including the patients presenting problems, how well the treatment program addresses those problems and the extent to which the patient is actively involved in the treatment process. The Office of National Drug Control Policys Treatment Protocol Effectiveness Study found that drug treatment programs work when those who abuse drugs can be engaged and retained in treatment and when other needed services can be integrated with drug treatment itself and delivered to help clients resolve the range of problems that accompany their drug use. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The Theme Of Death In Arthur Millers Death Of A Salesman

Death is often seen as a scary and dreadful reality that everybody must face. Suicide is perceived as selfish and cold-hearted by many. What about somebody who commits suicide for the greater good? This harsh actuality is depicted in the play â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller. Miller overcame loss and devastation and created a heartfelt collection of literature that became iconic. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† unveils the unfortunate reality that many households experience of chaos disrupting harmony and the disappointment that follows unrealistic, preplaced standards. Willy and Linda are the parents of two boys, Happy and Biff. In Willy’s eyes, his boys have not amounted to anything because they have not followed in his footsteps of becoming†¦show more content†¦Even though he was not successful, he wants to â€Å"plant seeds† in an attempt to motivate his children to follow his footsteps, but go further than he did and be truly successful . Eric Sterling, in an analysis of the play states that â€Å"Although at times some individuals wish it were not so, the phrase â€Å"Like father, like son† also is truly apropos as the young tend to take their cues from their first role models, their parents.† Biff does not really want to follow in his father’s steps after knowing that he cheated on Linda, but he still takes after his father in multiple ways. Willy seems to regret not â€Å"planting seeds† sooner and since he regrets this, it seems that he cannot see the value in what he has provided for his sons as well as what his sons have accomplished. Regret can eat away at a person, as well as their character. One of Willy’s biggest regrets is cheating on Linda and letting his family down in the process. This is symbolized by stockings because Willy gave his mistress stockings and then proceeds to shout at his wife for fixing her stockings in his presence. The stockings also symbolize Biff’s frustration with his father because he knew about the affair and they were a painful reminder of his father’s infidelity. Willy regrets cheating on his wife, he feels like he failed his family and fails to recognize how much he has supported and promoted the prosperity of his family.Show MoreRelatedThe Theme of Dishonestly in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman975 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Dishonestly in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman was written by Arthur Miller in 1949. It is set in the American states of Boston and New York during the 1930s great depression. The American great depression was the greatest economic collapse in the modern world. Businesses and banks closed their doors, people lost their jobs, homes, and savings, and many depended on charity to survive. Through this the American Dream was created - Read MoreArthur Miller Criticism913 Words   |  4 Pages Arthur Miller is a highly distinguished author. He is considered by many to be one of Americas greatest writers. As distinguished a writer he is, Miller deserves to be selected for a spot in the prestigious American Author Hall of Fame. His works meet the criteria for the American Authors Hall of Fame since they have themes important to society, are unique, and have universal appeal. Arthur Millers works meet the American Author Hall of Fames first criteria by dealing with themes highly importantRead MoreA Detailed Analysis of Death of a Salesman1199 Words   |  5 PagesLook at Death of a Salesman Death of a Salesman has been accepted worldwide as one of the greatest American dramas to premier in theatre. The story behind the play is based on Miller’s interactions with his Uncle, a salesman whose efforts to obtain the â€Å"American Dream† and pass his success on to his two sons becomes his main focus. Miller’s life during the preparation of Death of a Salesman provides the spark and inspiration needed to pen a literary classic. Almost five decades later, Death of a Salesman’sRead MoreArthur Miller: The Family Man1129 Words   |  5 Pagesto the right choices, and a need to provide for them. Arthur Miller a father of three children himself, has this deeply rooted into his mind and within his literary works. (Abbotson) Arthur Asher Miller a man of many very high esteemed novels was born in New York City on October 17, 1915. (Hadomi) A man who saw all the harshness of the Great Depression, and had many jobs including a clerk, and a delivery boy for a bakery before school. Arthur Miller began writing in 1934 while he attended MichiganRead More Arthur Miller Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Miller Arthur Miller, in his plays, deals with the injustice of societys moral values and the characters who are vulnerable to its cruelty. A good majority of these plays were very successful and earned numerous awards. According to Brooks Atkinson, a critic for the New York Times, Millers play Death of a Salesman was successful because the play is so simple in style and so inevitable in theme that it scarcely seems like a thing that has been written and acted. For Mr. MillerRead More Importance of Ben Loman in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman690 Words   |  3 PagesThe Importance of Ben Loman in in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman      Ã‚   Ben Loman is an important character in Death of a Salesman but he is quite unusual.   The audience encounters Uncle Ben during Willy Lomans hallucinations of the past and as a result, it is tempting to disregard his character as just another creation of Willys delusional mind.   However, Ben is much more than that.   His character is representative of Willys unrealistic dreams as well as the realty of his life.   Read MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1548 Words   |  7 Pages Research paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Arthur Millers Death Of Salesman 1611 Words   |  7 PagesResearch paper on death of salesman Arthur Miller created stories that express the deepest meanings of struggle. Miller is the most prominent twentieth-century American playwrights. He based his works on his own life, and his observations of the American scene. Arthur Asher Miller was born 17 October 1915 in Manhattan, New York city. He was the son of Jewish immigrants from Poland. His parents had a prosperous clothing company. Unfortunately when the stock market crashed, because his familyRead MoreDeath of a Salesman by Arthur Miller1105 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, Death of A Salesman, Arthur Miller depicts the dissolution of the American family, as well as the decline of the prosperous lifestyles that defined past generations, illustrating the theme of American decadence. From page one, the idea is set in motion by Miller that â€Å"the mighty have fallen†; that society clearly is no longer a place of opportunity. In this play, Miller puts forward the idea that opportunities of past generations in areas such as education and vocation are now nonexistentRead More Man vs. Himself: Betrayal and Abandonment Shown in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman1507 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the story of a man trying and failing to obtain success for him and his family. Willy Loman, a traveling salesman, has been trying to ‘make it big’ for the majority of his life. Miller’s play explores the themes of abandonment and betrayal and their effects on life’s success. Willy sees himself as being abandoned by his older brother, Ben, and constantly views his sibling’s betrayal as one that changed his prospects forever. Willy, in turn, is guilty of

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Teens and Young Adults

It had been a long week at school. I arrive on Friday morning feeling awful. Thankfully, there were only seven more dreadful hours until I was done. The second the 8th period bell rang, I quickly grabbed my belongings from my locker and got into the comfort of my car. I was driving with the heat on medium, the music on low volume, and both hands on the steering wheel. The next thing I know, I felt a heavy thump as my car had drifted into the rear driver-side door of a Toyota Sienna in the lane to my left. I had dozed off. It was only when I saw the two young children in the back of the minivan that I realized this situation could have been a whole lot worse. Not to mention that this was my fourth car accident since getting my license, and†¦show more content†¦Moreover, those who suffer from delayed sleep phase disorder typically have a difficult time dealing with daily commitments, particularly those which begin early in the morning such as school and work. Unquestionably, it would be a huge benefit to anyone who suffers from DSPD to take the necessary measures in order to correct his or her circadian rhythm so that a full night’s sleep can become a daily necessity. Conspicuously, there are numerous excuses as to why a teen or young adult would deprive themselves of sleep. Whether it is caused by a jam-packed schedule or some type of sleeping disorder, the issue needs to be addressed and measures need to be taken so that they, once again, are able get a proper night’s sleep. There are two distinct sides that researchers take when it comes to helping teens and young adults get enough sleep. The most prevalent is when the sleep deprived person tries to fix their sleep issues on their own or with the help of their family or doctor. Commonly used practices include consuming over the counter or prescription sleeping medication; making sure one sticks to a regular sleep schedule, even on the weekends; avoiding naps; and avoiding stimulating and stressful activities near bedtime, this includes exercise and anything that involves a backlit screen, such as a computer or TV (Saisan, Smith, Robinson Segal, 2013). If a person truly has the desire to help themselves by going to sleep and waking up at normal hours, heShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Frank Bruni s Today s Exhausted Superkids 863 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"super† teens becoming exhausted on the high school or college campus in his article, â€Å"Today’s Exhausted Superkids†. He supports his main idea by using details of teenagers trying to outrule each other. Bruni begins the article by discussing how sleep needs to be a top priority in students’ lives. Bruni makes very valid points while writing about society’s push for students to become more involved in extracurricular and advanced classes, while also suggesting why more than seven hours of sleep is neededRead MoreBenefits Of Living A Healthy Lifestyle Essay983 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects that are most beneficial to a healthy life include sleep, diet and nutrition, and exercise. To live a healthy life starts at a young age. Living a healthy lifestyle when young is beneficial f or adult life. One important aspect that is beneficial to adult health is sleep. Not getting the correct amount of sleep has immediate effects that are often overlooked. One important effect is the lack of energy. [If someone gets fewer hours of sleep one night, instead of the correct amount, their energyRead MoreOn Some School Nights, I Have A Rough Time Trying To Fall1052 Words   |  5 Pagesfactors were resulted by the lack of sleep, or sleep deprivation. Many more harmful problems can result from sleep deprivation, such as sleep disorders, difficulty driving, and physical and mental effects on students. In which case, students wouldn’t want sleep deprivation affecting their academic grades and education in school. Therefore, students in high school should be allowed to sleep for a longer period of time on school nights or else sleep deprivation will affect the students’ education andRead MoreThe Affects Sleep Loss Can Have On Your Body Essay1051 Words   |  5 Pages Sleep is t he key to success in our world today. It there a certain amount of sleep needed? Can different methods help people get enough sleep? As simple as these two questions may seem there is an infinite amount of answers that could be given. People do not always get the proper amount of sleep their body needs to function properly. There are many ways it can affect a life and not in a positive way. Multiple people may think that there is a certain amount of sleep you need but really there is notRead MoreRunning Head:Sleep Deprivation1329 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: SLEEP DEPRIVATION ​ 1 Sleep Deprivation Adolescent Development St. Joeseph’s College Professor McCambley 05/08/2017 Stephanie Lino  Sleep Deprivation ​Sleep deprivation can effect development in a multitude of ways; it could be mental, emotional, or even physical. In some ways sleep deprivation is a very dangerous issue that can cause adolescents to have decreasedRead MoreSleep Deprivation In Adolescents. Sleep Is Very Important.1741 Words   |  7 PagesSleep Deprivation in Adolescents Sleep is very important. Many people have probably heard this many times, but often they do not realize how important it really is, especially for adolescents. A scary statistic from the National Sleep Foundation states that driving as a sleep deprived individual is equivalent to driving with a BAC (Blood Alcohol Content) of around 0.08%. Additionally, annually more than 100,000 accidents happen because of sleep deprived drivers(â€Å"Teens and Sleep†, p.1). Some peopleRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Health809 Words   |  4 Pagesdoes sleep affect health? Studies show that the body needs to receive 7 to 9 hours of sleep each night. Many people especially in college, may only get half of this amount. Sleep deprivation is very common in the United States. What exactly is sleep deprivation you may ask yourself? Sleep deprivation is when you do not get a satisfactory amount of sleep. Effects of sleep deprivation are fatigue, weight gain/loss, and reaction time. Sleep deprivation is very common among teens and young adults. ItRead MoreSmartphone Addiction Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesis a difficult task to accomplish. Dr. Dimitri Christakis, a director for the Center of Child Health, Behavior, and Development at Seattle Children’s Hospital conducted a study on screen usage by young children and identified possible effects on their development. When asked about the different effects portable technology has on children he answers, â€Å"This is about what could they be doing that they aren’t, whether it’s singing, reading, or going outside to play. Even if someone developed the perfectRead MoreTeen Texting1524 Words   |  7 PagesTexting and Teens in the Media So the news is we have indefinitely entered a new zone of communication in the twenty-first century. â€Å"They do it at night when their parents are asleep. They do it in restaurants and while crossing the streets. They do it in the classroom with their hands behind their back. They do it so much their thumbs hurt.†(Hafner) Texting and teens has become a cause for concern. The stereotype of young chatty teens spending hours on the phone has faded. The interactionsRead MoreCauses Of Sleep Deprivation And Its Effects2487 Words   |  10 PagesMay, 2015 The Causes of Sleep Deprivation and Its Effects Do you know the importance of sleep? Do you know what sleep deprivation can do to you? Sleep deprivation is a terrible disorder that is caused by a lack of sleep. When you are up all night watching TV, or at work late and get home late but have to get up soon to start your day you are on the path of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is a consequence of not sleeping, which results in bad health. Sleep deprivation is a serious problem because

Paying For Someone Else Crime Film By Barry Scheck

Paying for someone else crime Film by Barry Scheck on â€Å"convicted criminals for a crime that he/she did not commit† Vincent Moto was a black man who was accused of rape and was jailed in prison for ten and half years. Vincent â€Å"if you were ever accused of a crime you did not commit it damages your reputation† he said. He couldn’t look at his daughter because he had nothing, he was at shame. Vincent sister â€Å"he didn’t have a place to stay so he had to live with his parents for some time† she said she also played sad music. Vincent daughter was screaming â€Å"dad did not doing it†. Vincent Moto telling the police man he got the wrong guy but police man did not listen, so while in jailed he wrote a letter to Barry Scheck saying he did not commit the crime he was accused, when Barry came and started investigation on his case the carried out various test from the victim who was raped. They f ound from four different sperms using the DNA test and none them were Vincent Moto own. And they went to court, showed the evidence, finally he was freed and they did not give him a job, health insurance. Vincent Moto â€Å"They did not care whether you are established the said we made a mistake see you later† he said. Me growing up in Cameroon were criminal were caught and free because of their money and the poor had to be placed in their places. This was during the summer in my country on a Monday morning at 10:21 am I remember this day

Business Management

Question: Write an essay on Business Management. Answer: Introduction In the era of significantly high employment turnover and employment mobility, transferable skills are the assets that ensure the marketability of an employee. Transferable skills also help to enhance the professional competitiveness as well as the professionalism of the employees. Moreover, competitive advantage helps the employees to ease the transition phase of their careers (Chon and Yu 2012). Now, in order to gain a better insight about the transferable skills it is essential to understand the concept of transferable skill. It is defined as the skills that are valuable as well as versatile those can be applied and used in different roles. It is important to acquire transferable skills in order to gain a competitive advantage in the constantly growing market (Peck and Reitzug 2012). It can be considered as the inventory of assets that helps an employee in the transition and specialization in a completely new role. In the era of high end, recruitment and selection procedures it is also essential for the applicants to ensure the longevity of the career and this can be done by effectively applying the transferable skills (Boehm and Thomas 2013). Possessing transferable skills will also allow the employee in exploring the parallel dimensions of the career more easily and efficiently. Therefore, it is quite important for an employee to possess and implement transferable skills in his or her domain of work (Scarborough 2012). Methodology A. (skills, profile, primary report, secondary report) The main three transferable skills that are essential for any employee are described briefly below, Team Work: In modern days sometimes, it is really important to work within a team or as a part of a team. This requires strong skill demonstrating ability that will depict the ability of an individual of working in a team and the employee will contribute significantly in helping the other employees (Carroll and Buchholtz 2014). As I worked as a manager in a renowned hotel, therefore I have built up enough leadership skills that are necessary for dealing a critical situation as a team. Moreover, these skills will also help me to work within a team. If teamwork is necessary for a particular job then I will be able to manage the employees effectively. Because as a manager I have managed a group of members and therefore, it will be easier for me as well. Leadership: Leadership skills are essential for an employee whether the employee is applying for a leadership position or not. However, the employees are required to possess enough leadership skills in order to demonstrate their capability that they will be able to lead if any such situation arises (Weske 2012). In order to become a successful leader a number of skills are required. If the employees are helpful enough, can take responsibility, or can achieve a goal effectively and efficiently it can be said that the employee is an efficient leader. As I have worked as a manager, I had to exhibit some leadership qualities at some point of time. However, this is not quite an effective leadership skill that requires more up liftment. Therefore, I am planning to learn about the leadership qualities and techniques that are essential for becoming an effective leader. However, it is quite important for a leader to possess patience and I do lack in that respect and therefore, I am also required to develop this portion. Personal Motivation, Organization and Managing time: As it is always required to develop the skills that will help to develop the professionalism in working as a team, it is also essential to develop skills that will help to work alone. As this may also be required by the employees (Hall and Ko 2014). It is sometimes essential for the employees to possess time management skills along with personal organizational skills. These are the set of skills where I can excel in every aspect. As I have previously worked in an organization, therefore, I have developed certain skill set that will in turn help me to exhibit these aspects in the current field of work. Hence, the personal motivational skills that I have developed during my employment will help me to solve relevant problems. B. Personal profile In order to develop my personal profile it is quite essential to analyze the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats (Geppert et al. 2016). Therefore, I have conducted a SWOT analysis based on my personal as well as professional environment. SWOT Analysis Strengths: The ability of working under pressure is one of my key strengths. I can handle any task under pressure effectively and efficiently. I have the ability to manage people. Managing people will not be a serious problem for me. I have the ability to meet deadline. Weaknesses: It is difficult for me to manage too much work at a single point of time. Deficiency in tolerance is another weakness. Opportunities: The employment opportunities that are available in the new company will open a number of new possibilities. An improved work culture and working environment are added opportunities. Threats: I am very short tempered and I can lose my temper at any point of time. Emotional vulnerability is another weakness. Conclusion According to Shah (2013), transferable skills are known as the skills that are acquired from past jobs, hobbies, volunteering and hobbies of life experiences. At the time of recruitment, employees not only look at academic qualifications and past work experiences but also search for employees who have a huge range of skills that can go beyond the traditional requirement of the job. It is important to meet the required qualification in order to be selected for a particular job; however, the candidate who carries some of the intangible skills will have preferences. As mentioned by Wang (2016), transferable or soft skills can improve ones career and can increase the chances of success in landing the job they want. According to Craig (2014), transferable skills can be learned from job to job experiences which tremendously helps to improve ones career. Some of the transferable skills and their importance are mentioned below, Communication skills: This skill is considered as one of the most important skills of an employee. In an organization, a huge number of messages are passed back and forth. Therefore, it is important for the employees to carry those messages in a clear and concise manner. This transportation of communication is highly important or any organization to compete their goals. Besides, the tones and delivery of communication also have a significant impact on the team members (Wang 2016). On the other hand, another important part of communication is writing skills. A good writing skill is huge a advantage for any job. Especially, if an employee has a soft skill to communicate in more than one language then he will definitely have a competitive advantage over other employees. Negotiation skills: In any business, organization negotiations are a major part of daily life. Negotiation skills help to get a better price from a supplier, deal with complex business issues and help colleagues in several projects. It is important to learn the skills to give and take in order to achieve goals. This skill is welcomed highly by any organization. Negotiation is also important for the organizations that are expanding their businesses in foreign countries. In foreign countries, because of different cultures, languages and lifestyles the demand of the people are also different. In those places, it is highly important to negotiate with the suppliers so that they can work according to the terms and conditions of the organization. Business Skills: These types of skills are highly transferable and achievable. More a person works in different organizations or in different departments, he becomes more marketable. Higher authorities of an organization highly value those employees who possess the capability to maintain a budget, establish a financial projection and understand business opportunities. Innovative and strategic thinking: In todays business scenario, each employer looks for employees that not only follow the conventional and traditional procedures but also implements innovative ideas and thinking in the workplace (Wang 2016). For example, biotechnology organizations look for employees who can quickly adapt to changing circumstances. In most of the interviews, candidates are given several situations that include different challenges and issues. Then they are asked to provide several innovate solutions related to the challenges. By doing this, the employers try to understand who would be the perfect person for their organization. Motivation and commitment: Another important skill that organization seeks into its employees is the ability and skill to put a great deal of pride and personal effort into their work. Besides, with the rapid change in the demand of the customers, the management and structures of the organizations are also changing regularly (Cottrill and Hayashi 2013). Therefore, the higher authorities of an organization always look for such employees who can stay flexible and can support change in the organization. Personal image and self-awareness: Another important skill that is expected in the employees is awareness about the image he is presenting to his coworkers and clients. For example, if ones eyeglass is patched up with band-aid, other employees will think that he solves all the problems like this. Therefore, as an important soft skill employees must understand and manage the workplace relationships and selling your company to prospective business partners. Among the above mentioned skills, the most important three skills are communication skills, negotiation skills and innovation skills. Training and learning processes can achieve all the other skills. However, as mentioned by Shah (2013), those three skills are considered as especial skills that an employee cannot learn by undertaking any courses. An employee only can achieve those goals by his experiences. However, as mentioned by Jones (2013), motivation and commitment and business skills are also considered as important transferable skills. Action plan: Outline Number Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 1 Implementation of skill areas for business improvement 9 days Wed 5/18/16 Mon 5/30/16 1.1 Developing Communication skills 2 days Wed 5/18/16 Thu 5/19/16 1.1.1 Carry information in a clear and concise manner 1 day Wed 5/18/16 Wed 5/18/16 1.1.2 Training employees for gaining a good recognition skills 1 day Thu 5/19/16 Thu 5/19/16 3 1.2 Developing negotiation skills 2 days Fri 5/20/16 Mon 5/23/16 1.2.1 Enhancing the negotiation skills of the employees 1 day Fri 5/20/16 Fri 5/20/16 4 1.2.2 Enabling the employees to deal with several projects 1 day Mon 5/23/16 Mon 5/23/16 6 1.3 Integrating Innovative and strategic thinking 4 days Tue 5/24/16 Fri 5/27/16 1.3.1 Implementing innovative ideas and thinking in the workplace 1 day Tue 5/24/16 Tue 5/24/16 7 1.3.2 Enabling the employees with quick adaptability features 1 day Wed 5/25/16 Wed 5/25/16 9 1.3.3 Provide the employees with several situations that include different challenges 1 day Thu 5/26/16 Thu 5/26/16 10 1.3.4 Provide several innovate solutions related to the challenges 1 day Fri 5/27/16 Fri 5/27/16 11 1.4 Implementation 1 day Mon 5/30/16 Mon 5/30/16 12 References Cottrill, K. and Hayashi, K., 2013. Learning Transferable Skills Through Event Planning.Experience-Driven Leader Development, pp.65-68. Craig, R., 2014, October. The development of transferable skills through continuous improvement: A case study in the UAE. InFrontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2014 IEEE(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Jones, E., 2013. Internationalization and employability: the role of intercultural experiences in the development of transferable skills.Public Money Management,33(2), pp.95-104. Shah, S.Z.A., 2013. The use of group activities in developing personal transferable skills.Innovations in Education and Teaching International,50(3), pp.297-307. Shah, S.Z.A., 2013. The use of group activities in developing personal transferable skills.Innovations in Education and Teaching International,50(3), pp.297-307. Wang, J.T., 2016. Using undergraduate research to develop transferable skills for the modern workforce.Microbiology Australia,37(2), pp.84-87.

Ethics Corruption Essay Example

Ethics: Corruption Essay Ethics: Corruption Name: Class Name: Section number: We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Corruption specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Corruption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics: Corruption specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Institution: Tutor: Date: Ethics: Corruption Introduction Some small actions done may be misinterpreted due to poor communication. On the other hand, there are other actions that are interpreted to lead to results, which are considered as extremes. These are called fallacies. Ethical values pertaining corruption and moral behavior, whether inbuilt or adopted can be misinterpreted or poorly communicated if one fails to follow the appropriate procedures. In this relation, the theories regarding public corruption are real as compared to being a slippery slope argument. Discussion One of the things that can lead to poor results of communication is the slippery slope. This is a form of argument explaining that exceptions to a rule can lead to the general ignoring of the rule. In other words, a small step may lead to more other steps which will in the end have results of significant impact. For example, if a rule is to be applied at all times, applying the rule some of the time may lead to the general abandonment of the rule. The slippery slope argument can be greatly associated with gratuities. In most cases, gratuities are given out of goodwill. They are mostly offered to the people in the restaurant and hotel business, and other service rendering departments. In other words, this is the offering of tips. Some hotels, for example, disapprove the acceptance of tips and other gratuities from customers. A manager sees a member of staff taking a tip from a customer because the staff member picked the customer’s car from the garage. This is not part of the staff’s job description), and then allows it to continue for a couple of more times due to the extra service rendered by other staff members to customers, the slippery slope argument states that this gratuity rule will be ignored. The staff members will start accepting gratuities even for normal services rendered. This same case may also occur in the police department and other public offices rendering services. The three theories of corruption; the society at large hypothesis, the affiliation or the structural hypothesis and the rotten apple hypothesis can all be related to the slippery slope argument. The society-at-large hypothesis asserts that the public is sometimes responsible for corruption in the public offices and departments. For example, if the public gives the people in the immigration department for the first processing of their documents or the retrieval of any documents, then these public servants will always expect gratuities from the public before or after they perform these tasks even though it is part of their job description. Such acts of the public are also seen in the police department when the public needs the police security. According to the slippery slope argument, the continuous behavior of the public rendering these gratuities will lead to the extreme result of corruption in the public servant (Cheney, 2010). Although these may be a fallacy, it has been evident in various sectors. Why do some people get their documents processed faster than others yet both groups went to the same offices? Why do some people’s cases receive more attention more than others yet they are of the same magnitude? The affiliation or structural hypothesis asserts that public officials may become corrupt because their seniors are corrupt. This means that corruption can trickle down from the seniors down to the lower level staff. For example, if a high ranking police officer is given extra money by a local gang in order to protect them or prevent any attack from the police officers, the lower ranking officers will take the path and take gratuities from the citizens in the name of â€Å"if the senior is accepting, we will also accept† (Cheney, 2010). The rotten apple hypothesis asserts that some people are simply corrupt to the core due to a number of reasons. They might have been influenced by their upbringing, their environment, friends or their personal issues. In most cases, it seems as if corruption is in ‘their blood’. It is hard to make them stop this unethical behavior. For example, if a man is in the customer care department in the immigration department, and is accused of taking gratuities from the public, he is reprimanded and transferred to the customer service in the banking industry. He will still find ways of receiving gratuities from the customers. The main challenge occurring due to the behavior in this people is that they can be of great influence to the rest of the public servants. Although these theories may be considered to fall in the slippery slope argument, they are evident in most cases. Wilson had researched on Chicago Police Department when he came up with these theories. Statistics in the African countries have indicated that most corruption cases among the public cases are caused by the public (Von, 2008). The most affected are those in the police department. Furthermore, the public goes ahead and gives gratuities to those at the senior ranks. In this way, these seniors only issue orders to those at the subordinate categories for them to perform particular tasks. These tasks are such as the quick recovery of a document. This is done ahead of the queue and raises suspicion from the rest of the staff, the staff concludes that the senior has been bribed. If such cases occur frequently, the staff starts accepting gratitude from the public (Highhouse Gregarus, 2009). Although there are other facts to be considered, it is also important to recognize the great influence a leader has. It is also good to recognize that persistence bears fruit as in the case of the society-at-large hypothesis. Conclusion The theories are more evident in the developing countries as compared to being just part of the slippery slope argument. The public, the leaders and the individual public servants have a role to play pertaining to their ethical behavior. In most cases, it takes the decision of an individual to stop these corruption cases. If the leaders would lead by positive example, the public to act it wants to be treated, and the individual responsibility of their actions, corruption cases would be minimized. References Cheney, G. (2010). Just a job?: Communication, ethics, and professional life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Highhouse, S., Brooks, M., Gregarus, G. (January 01, 2009). An Organizational Impression Management Perspective on the Formation of Corporate Reputations. Journal of Management, 35, 6, 1481-1493. Von, M. A. P. (January 01, 2008). Studying Methods, Not Ethics: Exploring the Methodological Character of Administrative Ethics Research. Public Integrity, 11, 1, 9-34.

Eliots Preludes and Ginsbergs Sunflower Sutra Essays

Eliots Preludes and Ginsbergs Sunflower Sutra Essays Eliots Preludes and Ginsbergs Sunflower Sutra Paper Eliots Preludes and Ginsbergs Sunflower Sutra Paper Essay Topic: Ts Eliot Poems What are the mall themes of T. S. Elites Preludes? What aspects of the poem would you identify as modernist techniques? What does Elites poem express about the condition of the human subject in early twentieth-century modernity? You need to substantiate your essay on a close reading and critical analysis of the poem. T. S Elites Preludes is a prominent modernist poem that vividly reflects his opinion about the Impact of World War Xis traumatic experience, questioning at the same time the future of humanity. This poem Is constituted by four images (Preludes), each of hem taken from the urban setting, where the decline of humiliation, peoples alienation and lack of progress are depicted with the greatest detail. Despite this situation, the poet is still hopeful of an alteration that will be feasible only by peoples initiative and not by waiting gods to save society. Firstly, Eliot stigmatize the mess that dominates society after the Great War and describes the misery and poverty that haunts peoples lives. He portrays an Isolated and fragmented world, something that is evident from the grimy scraps, drawn from the general sense of the filthiness and untidiness of the landscape. This feeling of fragmentation is also strengthened by the indirect indication of the presence of people in the first stanza, even though this is not ever stated. In addition, societys deprivation and misery are artistically depicted when Eliot talks about a meaningless and corrupt world that Is constantly characterized by a mechanic routine when he uses the verb revolves, as well as the phrase vacant lots. Furthermore. Peoples conduct Is Identical to the whole sense of misery and bitterness, as they are presented malicious and malevolent, and often Rene to sordid actions. Under the pretence of helping, they appear to have a clean conscience by day, in order to conceal their dirty deeds happening at night. The society is completely broken and no one really cares about their fellows, unless the problems are Immediately concerned with their busy and important lives. This Is, also, Elites opinion about society (In a thousand furnished roomsl which Is perfectly reflected on halls rather harsh and cruel statement of a blackened and doomed world that is characterized by lack of vividness and despair. This motif of emptiness keeps people bound to their personal stagnation, something which is apparent from the phrases four and five and six oclock and assured of certain certainties, that Eliot uses to describe societys lack of uniqueness. Finally, when the poet refers to the notion of some Infinitely gentle/leniently suffering thing, he probably Implies a reference duteous, or to any other divine Intervention, In which many people rely In for hope, but this is a rather slight possibility because the margin of salvation is too narrow. In continue, Elites effort to approach the topics described above lead to the invention of a new style of writing that transcended romanticisms obsolete style and inaugurated a new era in the history of literature, which is established by the movement of Modernism. The basic characteristic of that movement, adopted by which is achieved with a variety of means. First of all, he seems to abandon the traditional linear style of writing and through the narrative device of stream of consciousness tries to transfer his characters inner and personal thoughts. He accomplishes his endeavor by the lack of punctuation that uses in the whole poem, and the associative leaps in thought that arise suddenly without the reader having been formerly prepared. In order to strengthen his technique, he uses some very strong images that also serve as metaphors giving an inside point of view of the world he describes. This is evident when he pictures the womans thoughts about her insecurity of her actions in Prelude Ill. In this part, the point of view comes to the second person (the observer addresses a you) and the facilitation is internal, as Eliot rejects the omniscient perspective. This results in a more contrapuntal and multifaceted approach of the plot, where are obvious not only the individual thoughts of one person, but also the voices of different narrators (omniscient, second person, woman, man). In an effort to be one of the most eminent representatives of his kind, Eliot makes here use of the epiphany, which is a moment of a high revelation of a reality. Thus, he moves the experience inwards and makes his readers adopt his own views (sordid images of which your souls was constituted/a thousand furnished moms). Consequently, the time of the poem follows the same pattern because it is both psychological (coming from the inner experience) and symbolic, such as complexly unfolded, moving both backwards and forwards and Juxtaposing events from different times. Concluding with Elites techniques used in this poem, we would like to add the bleak and sometimes terror-filled tone of his language, which is characterized by its multiple meanings and varied connotations. As mentioned above, T. S. Eliot writes poetry in order to criticize the industrialization and liberation of his era, which in combination with the outbreak of the World War I and the increase of capitalism, was heading towards the complete disruption of humanity. Through his own means for revolution, Eliot expresses his views about human beings who seem to be totally unappeasable. He writes about a fully paralyzed and denigrated society that is not only wounded by the trauma of the War, but also by a cultural and humanistic crisis. Serving his debt as a poet, he describes his era as a wasteland of that time and declares his sense of misery for the mankind. Even though he may seem not to believe it, Eliot is slightly optimistic that humanity is able to recover from this big loss and becomes stronger again. Essay Develop and essay discussing how Ginsberg Sunflower Sutra assimilates William Carols Williams representation of America in To Elsie. Allen Ginsberg Sunflower Sutra presents the poets views about the America of his time, under the cloak of devastation and desolation of the current arbitration, arising though certain rays of hope. In this poem, the main motifs of his itemization topics are very similar to the ones introduced by his mentor, William Carols Williams, one of Americas greatest modernist poets, in his poem To Elsie. First of all, it is important to evaluate the facts with great attention and accuracy. The main subject that the two poems through the strict applications of technology and industrialization. In this point, Williams influence upon Ginsberg is so evident that the poet from New Jersey uses exactly the same technique in order to mourn America, through a device that serves metaphorically in the poem and embraces all the weaknesses of the American humanity. This device in Ginsberg is called Sunflower and it is identical to the one Williams use, which in his case is a real person, and especially a girl, called Elsie. Starting from the beginning, in Ginsberg poem, as well as in Williams poem, the title indicates the person (animate or inanimate) to whom the poem is addressed. In Ginsberg case, this person is not actually a person but an object, which becomes the means to show society corruption and pollution. As the Sunflower symbolizes all the abnormality and filthiness of the natural world the same happens with Elsie, ho depicts the cold machinery and growing materialism through certain parts of her body. The picture of society as a wasteland is also strengthened by the description of rotten and isolated valleys and lakes, something that Ginsberg uses too, through the portrayals of rivers covered with a layer of oil that makes life impossible to fish, and other mountain settings. Also, the presence of religious elements is something that accompanies both poets. Ginsberg makes use of the bum (or better known in his poems the holy bum as a prominent Beat figure) Ewing contrasted with the hermit that is a holy figure that lives both in and outside the restraints of modern society. This is perceived indirectly, as happens with Elses personification with Persephone, who was stolen by Pluto and depicts Americas primitive land. Bleak and vulgar language makes its appearance here and gives with the most vivid way the suffering decay. Finally, even though Ginsberg emerges some glimmers of hope and resurrection at the end, Williams is more pessimistic and raw, but both agree about the narcissism of contemporary America and its obsession with communication.

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Research Paper Example The youth will opt to join this rebel groups and get a source of income no matter how low instead of having nothing. This leads to the growth of rebel groups that cause chaos and fight against the government’s regime causing political instability. Higher rates of youth unemployment lead to higher chances of rebel groups forming and rising against the government. Poverty has been noted to breed violent character. Unemployed youth will often find themselves in a state of poverty. This will force them to do anything to gain access to the resources they require such food, shelter, clothing, and money. Areas that portray high rate of youth unemployment also show an increase in crime. Unemployed youth will turn to robbery and looting to get what they do not have. This causes insecurity and unrest among the public and people will protest against the environment due to the insecurity. This can lead to political instability because people have lost faith in their governmentii. Unemployed youth look up to the government to create job opportunities for them. If the government fails to do this, the youth revolt and protest against the government for not being able to take care of the youths needs. This will lead to a need of overthrowing the government and putting into power people who will most likely look after the needs of the people. Many coups in history have taken place due to the people losing faith in their government. This leads to unrest and political instability. The labor market is directly related to youth unemploymentiii. If the labor market cannot absorb the sudden ‘youth bulge’, frustrations occur among the youth causing demonstrations and riots against the government. This will lead to disruption of economic activities and affect a country’s economical development. Employed people will also be affected and the whole country will generally move

Brand Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brand Equity - Essay Example In my opinion, Starbucks Coffee is a brand that has developed a high level of brand equity. The question arises that what creates brand equity and how can it be managed. For most people, a brand is simply a name given to a particular product or service that is manufactured or offered by a particular company. Thus the brand name in time becomes associated with the company and reflects its quality of products or services. If successful, the company can also increase the number of items in its product line depending on the good reputation and name of its original product or service. Customers are likely to buy and try the new products or services if they have a need for them. This is also because of the positive image they have of the company and its earlier offerings. Another way of seeing brand equity is that it is the value of your product or service to the customer- it is the reason why he prefers your offering compared to others in the marketplace. This can be because of ambience, value for money, variety of offerings or any other reason. Here are some ways in which I th ink Starbucks has created its brand equity or value for the customer: Starbucks Coffee is known for the quality of its product offerings. Be it the rich brewed coffees and espresso-based hot and cold drinks, hot or cold sandwiches- everything spells quality. The customer can rely on this every time they walk into the store. What’s more, this principal value is followed all across Starbucks stores worldwide (Assistant, 2009). Most customers would equate Starbucks to a good live experience. If you are a regular customer, the hostess would not only remember your name, but also what you generally prefer and the quantity of sugar you like in your brew. The point that the coffee is made in front of you, where you can watch the process if you like, also helps Starbucks quality resonate in the mind of the customers. It is not surprising to find groups of friends or office colleagues coming

Garden Path Model And The Constraint Based Model

Garden Path Model And The Constraint Based Model Theories into sentence processing can be viewed from two main accounts; a modular account or an interactive account. Garden path model proposed by Fraizer and Rayner (1982) supports the modular account, arguing sentence processing involves the analysis of each individual unit or module of a sentence, with little or no feedback, thus inhibiting correction. Whereas an interactive account supported by the constraint based theory, (McDonald, 1994) argues sentence processing involves immediate incorporation of all available information in creation of the final output. This essay will explore principles of both Garden Path Model and Constraint Based Theory of sentence processing, highlighting their similarities and differences as well as major strengths and weaknesses associated with both models. This essay will continuously compare and contrast both models on issues such as; minimal attachment and late closure, reanalysis, sentence length, contextual properties, working memory capacities and evidence from event related potentials in an attempt to answer the question in focus. The Garden path model proposed by Frazier and Rayner (1982), argues readers only consider initially one syntactic structure for any given sentence and meaning is not involved in the selection of preliminary syntactical meaning. Thus, readers and listeners can be misled by ambiguous sentences (i.e. garden path sentences). Whereas Constraint based theory proposed by MacDonald (1994), argues all relevant information is available immediately to the parser during reading and listening. The incoming information is analysed and all possible constraints or outputs are activated and ranked according to the strength of the subsequent activation. The syntactic structure receiving the most support from the constraints will be highly activated and thus chosen. In essence, activated constraints are in competition with one another and when two constraints are equally activated ambiguity arise. These two theories propose conflicting, basic ideologies; Garden Path model argues only one syntactic stru cture is initially considered and meaning is not involved in selection of syntactic meaning, whereas, constraint based theory argues all relevant information is used and several syntactical meanings are initially considered before the most appropriate is selected. Frazier and Rayners Garden Path Model proposes that listeners and readers chose the simplest syntactical structure by implementing two general principles; minimal attachment and late closure. The principle of minimal attachment states the grammatical structure producing the fewest nodes is preferred. Rayner and Pollatsek (1989) provided partial experimental support for minimal attachment. They used the sentences; The girl knew the answer by heart and The girl knew the answer was wrong. Rayner and Pollatsek observed the principle of minimal attachment led to a grammatical structure in which the answer is regarded as the direct object of the verb knew, this is appropriate for the first sentence but leads to ambiguity in the second sentence. Therefore it can be argued the principle of minimal attachment may not work for all sentences, highlighting a weakness. Altmann et al (1998), argue all possible meanings of a sentence are considered during, and at the end of a sentence and principle s of minimal attachment are inadequate in sentence processing, thus supporting the constraint based theory. Frazier and Rayner (1982) argue minimal attachment and late closer attempt to reduce pressure on working memory during sentence processing, making it less economically taxing, a strength of this theory. They recorded participants eye movements whist they read sentences like; since Jay always jogs a mile seems like a short distance. If readers construct both or all possible syntactic structures, there should be additional processing time at the point of disambiguation. Eye movement data provided support for the predictions of the garden path model. These finding are in opposition with the Constraint based theory that argues several constraints are activated before the output is chosen, thus making this method of sentence processing more taxing than the Garden Path model in which no interpretation is considered until the end of sentences (Clifton, 1993). Fodor and Inoue (2000) a rgue the parser works on the method of minimal processing and will do the minimum amount of analysis possible, supporting the Garden Path Model. Minimal attachment is argued to be universal to all languages (Frazier and Rayner (1982). However several studies contradict this argument. Cueto and Mitchell (1988), Carreiras and Clifton (1993, 1999) and Traxler et al (1998) found a low attachment preference within the English language but found a high attachment preference within the Spanish language. Thus meaning minimal attachment would not be applicable in the Spanish language. Thus conflicting the assumptions of the Garden Path Model. Mitchell et al (1995) argued attachment preferences may be different between languages due to the fact that in some languages, high relative clause attachment is most frequent, whereas in other languages such as English, low clause attachment is most frequent. As a result of these findings, cross-linguistic differences in clause attachments present a pr oblem for the Garden Path Model as the principles of minimal attachment and late closure assume a universal preference for low attachment. Highlighting a weakness The principle of late closer proposes new words encountered in sentences are attached to the current phrase or clause if grammatically permissible. This principle conflicts assumptions of the constraint based theory as meaning is assigned as new words are attached rather than when all information is available. Alternatively supporting the Constraint based theory Carreiras and Clifton (1993) provided evidence that readers do not follow the principle of late closure. They presented participants with sentences such as The spy that shot the daughter of the colonel who was standing on the balcony. According to late closure, readers or listeners should perceive this sentence as meaning the colonel, rather than the daughter, was standing on the balcony, however this was not observed. Principles of minimal attachment and late closure within the garden path model determine peoples initial analysis of sentences, however if initial analysis is inconsistent due to ambiguous sentences, a process of reanalysis must occur (Frazier and Rayner 1982). Reanalysis occurs when initial analysis is inconsistent with later information encountered. According to VanGompel and Pickering (1999) within the constraint based theory all possible analyses are activated with most appropriate being selected, thus meaning reanalysis does not take place. According to MacDonalds (1994) constraint based theory, processing difficulty only arises when two or more constraints have approximately equal activation resulting in competition. Constraints at the beginning of the sentence strongly activate one analysis but, disambiguating information encountered later on activates an alternative analysis, both possible analyses having equal activation competition results. This disambiguating information i ncreases time taken for the incorrect analysis to be inhibited and results in processing difficulties, a weakness of this theory. Ferreira and Henderson (1991) argued the further the head noun is from the point of disambiguation, the stronger readers or listeners will commit to a thematic analysis, thus making reanalysis more difficult. Another conflicting argument to Frazier and Rayners reanalysis principle was put forward by Sturt et al (2002) who showed that during reanalysis, attachment to a recent phrase is preferred to attachment to a more distant phrase, arguing reanalysis and reattachment of more distant phrases are more costly. However reanalysis does not always occur when disambiguation is encountered, highlighting a weakness of this theory. Christianson et al (2001) argued people do not always successfully discard their initial analysis after syntactic disambiguation is experienced, which is in contrast to most models of reanalysis and the garden path model. Participants read the sentence; while Anna dressed the baby that was small and cute spit up on the bed. Participants correctly identified who spat up on the bed, suggesting they had correctly analysed the baby as the subject of spit up. When asked if Anna dressed the baby, most participants answered yes. This finding led Christianson et al to conclude that readers adopted the baby as the subject, whilst maintaining the incorrect analysis where the baby was the object of the preceding verb dressed. Findings from this study provide arguments in contray to principles of successful reanalysis. Sentence length can have an influence in the process of reanalysis, but it has also been argued that sentence length can have an effect on overall initial processing of sentences prior to any reanalysis. Ferreira, Christianson and Hollingworth (2001) argued longer phrases are harder to process and using minimal attachment more errors are likely to be made, showing a weakness of this theory. It has been found that disfluencies (including filled and silent pauses) lengthen sentences and make them harder to process. Bailey and Ferreira (2003) investigated the effects of sentence disfluencies, observing that disfluencies allowed parsers to linger on the initial parse and commit to an incorrect interpretation via minimal attachment and late closer, indicating a weakness of this theory. Christianson et al (2001) support this argument, concluding; the longer a parser lingers on an incorrect parse, the more likely they are to maintain an incorrect interpretation. Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009) investigated the effects of disfluencies on garden path processing. They found disfluencies resulted in more incorrect interpretations, suggesting sentence processing is not an all or none process, therefore discrediting the constraint based theory. Effective contextual properties have been found to provide supportive evidence for the constraint based theory. Spivey et al (2002) looked at eye movements in response to auditory garden path sentences within the context of visual arrays. They asked participants to put the apple on the towel in the box. They recorded participants eye movements to assess how the sentence was interpreted. According to the garden path model on the towel should initially be understood as the place where the apple should be put because it is the simplest syntactical structure. In the absence of visual context this is what was found. When the visual context consisted of two apples, one on a towel and the other on a napkin, participants rapidly interpreted on the towel as a way of identifying which apple was to be moved. Results show that visual contexts reduce ambiguity and prevent garden path effects. Event related potentials (ERP) have provided influential evidence in sentence processing. ERPs measure brain responses as the direct result of thought or perception. Osterhout and Nicol (1999) established an ERP of N400 following perception of semantic anomalies. Osterhout and Nicol (1999) found a syntactic anomaly produced an ERP of P600, As syntactic analysis only is involved in the garden path model, observing an ERP of P600 would indicate this model of processing. Osterhout, Holcomb and Swinney (1994) suggested that P600 is the marker of a garden path effect. However Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009) found that fluent garden path sentences resulted in P600 but garden path sentence containing a filled or silent pause activated an ERP of N400, this would suggest that these sentences are perceived as having a semantic anomaly which would discredit the garden path model of processing which claims semantic analysis is not involved in initial sentence analysis. P600 has been hypothesi sed to indicate memory updating and processes of reanalysis (Friederia 2001 and Frisch et al 2002), therefore being unique to the garden path model. Osterhout and Nicol (1999) have found a sentence containing both semantic and syntactic violations activate an ERP of both N400 and P600, suggesting semantic and syntactic processing work independently, supporting the garden path model rather than the constraint based theory. In conclusion the garden path model and the constraint based theory of sentence processing argue fairly conflicting ideologies, thus making these models very different. The garden path model argues the principles of minimal attachment and late closure, which is in contrast to the constraint based theory. The constraint based theory argues all possible interpretations of sentences are activated with the most appropriate being selected, arguing the absence of reanalysis; again this is in contrast to the garden path model. The garden path model only initially considers syntactical information whereas constraint based theory considers all available information but is very taxing on working memory. Both models have been shown to have many strengths and weaknesses. In relation to the title question it has been shown that both models offer reasonably contrasting arguments of sentence processing and no sole conclusive model of sentence processing has yet been established. 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Disfluencies along the Garden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. Ferreira, Christianson and Hollingworth (2001), Misinterpretations of Garden-Path Sentences: Implications for Models of Sentence Processing and Reanalysis. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Vol 10, No.1, pp3-18. Ferreira and Clifton (1986) In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 289). Oxford: University Press. Ferreira and Clifton (1986). InEysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 361-364. Ferreira and Henderson (1991) In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 291). Oxford: University Press. Fodor and Inoue (2000), cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 361. Frazier and Rayner (1982), cited in Gazzaniga, M.,S,, Ivry, R,B and Mangun, G.,R. Cognitive Neuroscience. The biology of the Mind. (first edition) Norton and Company. New York and London. Pp. 300-301. Frazier and Rayner (1982) In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 289-307). Oxford: University Press. Frazier and Rayner (1982), cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. Astudents Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 361. Friederia (2001), in Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009). Disfluencies along the Garden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. Frisch et al (2002) in Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009). Disfluencies along the Garden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. Frisch, Schlesewsky, Saddy and Alpermann (2002). in Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009). Disfluencies along the Garden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. Harley, T (Second Edition). The Psychology of Language. From Data to Theory. Hove:Psychology Press. Hills and Murray (2000).Iin Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 361. Kolk et al (2003), in Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009). Disfluencies along the Granden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. Lau, E and Ferreir, F. Lingering Effects of Disfluent Material on Comprehension of Garden Path Sentences. Language and Cognitive Processes. 2005 Vol 20 (5), 633-666. MacDonald (1994), cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 364. Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009). Disfluencies along the Granden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. McRae et al (1998), In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 293). Oxford: University Press. Mitchell et al (1995), In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 293-294). Oxford: University Press. Osterhout, Holcomb and Swinney (1994). In Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009). Disfluencies along the Garden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. Osterhout (1997) in Maxfield, Lyon and Silliman (2009). Disfluencies along the Granden Path: Brain electrophysiological evidence of disrupted sentence processing. Brain and Language, 111, 86-100. Osterhout and Nicol (1999), cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 36362-363. Rayner, Garrod and Perfetti (1992), in Ferreira, Christianson and Hollingworth (2001), Misinterpretations of Garden-Path Sentences: Implications for Models of Sentence Processing and Reanalysis. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, Vol 10, No.1, pp3-18. Rayner and Pollatsek (1989) cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 361. Spivey, Tanenhaus, Eberhard and Sedivy (2002) cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 363. Spivey, Tanenhaus, Eberhard and Sedivy (1995), cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 363. Sturt et al (2002) In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 291). Oxford: University Press. Traxler et al (1998). cited in Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 361 .Trueswekk, Tanehaus and Garnsey (1994). In Eysenck, M, W and Keane, M.,T. Cognitive Psychology. A students Handbook. (fith edition), Psychology Press. pp. 362. VanGompel, R and Pickering, M. ( ) Syntactic Parsing. In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 289-307). Oxford: University Press. VanGompel (2006) In Gaskell, G. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. (pp 292). Oxford: University Press. Van Gompel, Sentenct Processing, in Brown et al (2006), Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. (second edition) Oxford: Elsevier.

Pilgrimages to Sacred Sites as Tourism Essay -- Tourism

In discussing the viewpoint that pilgrimage to sacred site is a form of tourism there are certain terms that require definition: pilgrimage, sacred and tourism. The Oxford English Dictionary, (OED, 2012) defines pilgrimage as ‘a journey undertaken to a place of particular significance or interest’. It is usually as an act of religious devotion, homage and respect and those on a pilgrimage are referred to as Pilgrims. Waterhouse (2009, p199) defines religion as ‘a system of practices, institutions and beliefs that provide meaning to life and death’. Waterhouse’s definition not only encompasses the five main religions but also the various sub divisions and alternative religions. Tourism is defined by OED (2012) as ‘the theory and practice of touring, travelling for pleasure’ and thus a person on tour is defined as a tourist. The OED (2012) defines sacred as ‘dedicated, set apart, exclusively appropriated to some person or some special purpose’. This essay will discuss the view that pilgrimage to sacred sites is a form of tourism by outlining the debates surrounding sacred sites and between different factions. The essay will then apply these arguments and ideas to Stonehenge and Avebury. It will also look at the associations of Pilgrimage and Tourism within the ideologies surrounding leisure and their application to Glastonbury. The definition of sacred as a place separate from the secular world has different connotations and meaning for different individuals and groups. The main academic argument is between the ideas that the site is inherently sacred or is the product of human effort. Eliade (1961) argues that the ‘manifestation of something of a wholly different order, a reality that does not belong to our world in objects tha... ...ity, pp.10-34 Pike, J. (2008), ‘Leisure, Laziness and feeling good’, in Brunton, D. (ed), Place and Leisure AA100 Book 4, Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.3-10 Reader, I. (2012), ‘Pilgrims and Pilgrimage: place and Journey in Cultures and Faiths Worldwide’, available from http://www.york.ac.uk/projects/pilgrimage/content/faiths.html accessed on the 11/5/12 ‘Sacred Space and Landscape’ (2008) (aa100DVD Video), Milton Keynes, The Open University The Open University (2008), AA100 Illustration Book (Plates for Books 3 and 4), Milton Keynes, The Open University. Waterhouse , H. (2009), ‘The Dalai Lama’, in Moohan, E (ed), Reputations AA100 Book 1, Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp.197-229 Wolffe, J. (2008), ‘Tradition and Dissent in English Christianity’ in Price, C (ed), Tradition and Dissent AA100 Book 2, Milton Keynes, The Open University, pp71-106

In Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala Virginia Sanford

In Buried Secrets: Truth and Human Rights in Guatemala Virginia Sanford goes into the heart of Guatemala to six different locations of clandestine cemeteries to interview survivors of mass suicides that occurred during the period that is now known as La Violencia. Sanford strives to give voice to the Maya, who have been silenced all these years, and chose to have them write their own history of what happened during those dark years.By uncovering the dark secrets of the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union as well as those of the Guerilla Army of the poor, the Guatemalan people were able to begin to heal, to find justice, to become inspired to organize again for social change and to ultimately take control back over their own lives and participate in the democracy that they paid so dearly for (p. 73). Sanford constructs a â€Å"phenomenology of terror† through a forensic anthropological study of the clandestine grave sites at six different locations across Guatemala that the crimes against the Maya ultimately resulted in attempted genocide.These massacres occurred during a period known as La Violencia (1978-1982) under the regime of General Lucas Garcia (1978-1982) and General Rios Montt (March 1982-Aug 1983) (p. 14). According to Sanford, La Violencia went from selective terror into mass terror culminating in the â€Å"scorched earth† campaign and ultimately the violence did not cease until the disarming of the last civil patrols and the signing of the 1996 Peace Accords (p. 15).The Maya were the weak common people caught in the middle of a vicious war between the communist guerilla and the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union (GNRU); where both sides took advantage of the Maya using them for food and shelter and killing them with little thought if they got in the way for any reason (p. 101). The Maya were simple farming people for the most part and their rights were easily stripped away and they were treated like slaves for years and after La Violencia, they were left maimed, poor and powerless.The phenomenology of terror that Sanford constructed from the death records, bone analysis, testimonio and other public records/media consists of seven escalating phases of violence and domination (p. 32). . Through analysis of these phases Sanford proves the depth of the GNRU’s crimes and therefore brings them out in public for the Maya people to begin their process of healing. The phemomenology of terror starts with the â€Å"pre-massacre community organizing† which amounted to the Maya’s attempt to better their own community often through the local churches to build infrastructure for clean water etc.Because this organizing sometimes included guerilla organizing (which Sanford indicates was often brought about by fear tactics on the guerilla’s part), it attracted violent repercussions from the GNRU (p. 127). The phase two, â€Å"the modus operandi of army massacres,† Sanford describes as th e beginning of genocide because the GNRU felt they could not prevent the guerilla from organizing and they used this as an excuse to kill innocent civilians who might or might not have been involved, in order to scare everyone else away from the idea of helping the guerilla (p.129). In the â€Å"post-massacre life in flight,† or phase three, the Guatemalans fled the killing fields of their own villages and took refuge in the mountains with little or no supplies or protection against the elements and many of them died of illness or exposure. The guerilla found them here too and sometimes forced them to kill their own children in order to survive (p. 132). In phase four the â€Å"army captures a community† and the Maya were basically treated like prisoners of war: they were tortured, raped, punished, and were forced to work for their food (p.135). In phase five, â€Å"model villages,† the Guatemalans experienced something similar to German concentration camps wher e they lived under constant military control and were forced to work under fear of being tortured or killed (p. 138). In phase six, â€Å"the ongoing militarization of community life,† the civil patrollers, or police, were handed over control from the army but the struggle was still the same, the Maya continued to experience torture and abuse of power(p. 141).In Sanford’s last denoted phase titled â€Å"living memory of terror,† the Maya struggle to put their lives back together while living in terror and with diminished rights. The police continued to control their lives and prevent them from bettering their communities in any way (p. 143). The uncovering of the phenomenology of terror is precisely how the healing process was instigating. The Maya people realized their need for healing when the bodies of their loved ones were being uncovered and when they heard the stories of their peers being told and realized that their own story needed to be revealed as well .Sanford chose multiple excavation sites in order to have a variety of communities but also so that she could generalize. The communities she chose included: Ixil, K’iche’, Kaqchikel, Q’eqchi’ and Achi villages from the northwest highlands to the central lowlands to the eastern mountains (p. 17). Uncovering these clandestine grave sites amounted to taking back their villages, taking back their loved ones and giving them the respectful burial that they deserved. In doing this it created a political space that was stolen from the Maya in the reign of terror (p.73). This political space allowed the people to come together and gain power in numbers; they never allowed themselves to be separated off so that no one person could be sacrificed for the cause of bringing out the truth of these massacres. Even those who still believed that the GNRU were telling the truth about the massacres, that the only people killed were communist guerillas, were brought to see t he truth about La Violencia because â€Å"the bones don’t lie† (p. 47).Even military officials came to give public recognition of the murders but gave many justifications for their ruthless actions (p. 16). After Sanford herself uncovered a woman’s corpse face down in a mass grave holding a small baby, it became clear that civilians, including women, children and the elderly were a large part of the sacrifice made at mass executions made by the GNRU (p. 43). Records indicate that most of the bodies at the Plan de Sanchez site were women, children and elderly (p. 47).The Maya went to the Ministerio Publico (prosecutor) as a group and said, â€Å"We want a Christian burial for our families because they aren’t dogs, and we don’t want them piled up in those graves like dogs† (p. 39). They were not put down by the Rabinal when they were ordered to attend a meeting that amounted to them trying to control the Maya and prevent them from colluding wi th the foreigners to uncover the truth. â€Å"Leave the dead in peace† the sub-commander told them, but the Maya already knew that the dead were not in peace and stopped at nothing to uncover the rest of the truth so that they could be (p.44). By pushing forward and sticking together the Maya was able to strip the power from the â€Å"memory of terror† to hold them down and instead used it to drive them forward for change and justice (p. 230). Sanford shows that the excavation process gave healing through several different avenues, besides giving the Maya strength in coming together and publicly revealing the truth, the excavation also brought healing through religious ritual and public consecration of the burial sites.The rituals at burial sites â€Å"implicate the enactment of deeply held beliefs about the individual and community identity and reckoning in the past as well as the present† which Sanford believed was the powerful key to opening a future for the Maya in their own broken land (p. 40). Long after the confession and re-burial, the temples built on the sites allowed the Maya to continue their grief process and to continue to heal and have a place where they could go for remembrance of their loved ones and the pain they experienced (p. 245).In addition, the exhumation inspired the local people to organize once again to try to better their communities and used the memory of terror as inspiration to work hard for change rather than allowing it to hold them down in fear (p. 211). These local initiatives included things such as support groups and groups advocating yet more exhumations. (p. 243). Sanford describes another type of healing that took place because of the exhumations and resulting testimonies that amounts to the clinical treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: testimonial therapy (p. 239).By giving survivors the chance to â€Å"understand the impossible nature of the situation to which they had been exposed† and to transfer â€Å"the burden of responsibility to the perpetrators of violence and to the repressive structures that fomented their traumas† they were able to heal the emotional wounds of those experiences (p. 241). The final step in healing is providing the people with justice through charging those guilty of leading the massacres. Ultimately the confessions and the exhumations helped to bring those guilty of these horrible crimes to light for the sake of justice.The Maya faced the obstacle of â€Å"auto-limpieza,† which was the act of killing those who were in charge of giving orders for the military on behalf of the men who were in the upper echelons of the military power structure—in other words, the men who could tell the truth about who was ultimately responsible for these massacres were killed (p. 211). In addition to this obstacle, the government attributed any challenge to their authority to equate to a national security threat. So when the Maya be gan to search for those guilty of these war crimes, they faced the old threat of terror (p.251). According to Sanford, â€Å"justice, rule of law, and truth commission are now seen as a critical step for societies experiencing the transition from military rule,† therefore it was of utmost importance to the Maya to pursue justice and bring closure on the dark La Violencia era (p. 249). With the help of other Central American countries and international organizations such as the Human Rights Watch and the United Nations, the Maya people were given the added strength to bring justice to at least a few war criminals.Without their help the Maya may never have been able to overcome the memory of terror which stood in the way of them being able to participate in the democracy that they paid so dearly for (p. 253). Ultimately the trials of the authors of this violence helped to construct, â€Å"a viable democracy by demonstration that the rule of law extends to the powerful as well as to the poor† (p. 270). In conclusion, Virginia Sanford shows through a forensic anthropological study of the massacre sites that genocide did indeed occur against the Mayan people and she lays out the timeline of violence in seven phases that she calls the phenomenology of terror.Through the process of constructing this phenomenology the Maya are brought together again and inspired to better their community and fight for justice. They experience healing through testimonio (of their PTSD) and through public recognition of their loved one’s sacrifices in religious ritual and the consecration of the burial sites. By consecrating those public spaces and bringing to justice those who were responsible, the Maya were able to break fear of the memory of terror and take their rightful place in the democracy that they paid so dearly for.

Beauty Is The Quality Of Beauty - 988 Words

What is Beauty? Greek Philosopher, Plato, once said: â€Å"Beauty lies in the eye of the beholder.† Everyone has different points of view about what beauty is. Some people may perceive beauty as how someone looks on the outside. Others may see beauty as being confident in your own skin. According to dictionary.com, beauty is the quality in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure to the mind. For me, beauty comes in act of kindness, in nature, and smiling faces. Beauty comes in act of kindness. When I was in tenth grade, I got the opportunity to volunteer at a homeless shelter. So, my Saturday mornings became occupied. My job there was to hand out personal hygiene items after the homeless people have finished their†¦show more content†¦I took a moment to look at the rich blue water as I heard the sound of the waves softly crashing against the rocks. As I get in the water, I feel the power of the wave pulling me towards it pushing me further and faster away from t he sand into the deep water. I got the opportunity to see a dolphin jump out of the water. I took hours looking at the horizon. As I stayed there look out into the horizon, the sun has almost set just the tip is left to disappear into the water. The sky changed from blue to yellow and orange to pink and purpl. I got to see the sky go from day to night. As I start walking back I took one last glimpse of the sky I could see the bright and high moon. I could see the horizon with moonlight reflection in the water. It is certainly easy to understand why nature is appealing. Beauty is in nature, but it can also be in smiling faces. When I was in high school, I volunteered to make and hand out food to those who were less fortunate. We first stopped at a shelter where people were sitting either watching television, reading the newspaper, or just sitting and talking to a friend. 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